Patent
US 10,662,537GRAPHENE AND THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE
René Hoffmann
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,662,537Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2a are scanning electron micrographs of expanded and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116 after the electrochemical expansion using the method described …
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of graphite particles that had been expanded and thermally treated as described above with reference to
FIG. 4b) does not appear to unambiguously include flakes having an area larger than 15 square micrometers. In a histogram of an image spanning 32500 square …
FIG. 5 is a graph of a pair of overlaid Raman spectra of hydrogenated graphite layers 106 of a single location after drop-casting from suspension 125 and …
FIG. 6d shows spectroscopic data 635 and a least-square error fitted peak 640 for a second sample of separated and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116. These …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising: dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, an average thickness of atomic layers or less, and a defect density characteristic of at least 50% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 40% of the p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.995.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in six has a size in excess of 10 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 80% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.2.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a particulate powder of dehydrogenated graphite flakes.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the flakes of the dehydrogenated graphite are wrinkled, crumpled, or folded.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the full width half maximum of the G peak in p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters is larger than 20 reciprocal centimeters.
The composition claim 1, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 30% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A composition comprising: a reversibly hydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, a coefficient of determination value of 2D single peak fitting of p -Raman spectra of the graphite after thermal treatment in inert atmosphere at 2 mbar and 800 °C, collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters, of larger than 0.99 for more than 50 % of the spectra, and a defect density characteristic of p -Raman spectra of the hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 1 00 X objective having an average D/G area ratio being between 0.2 and 4, wherein the majority of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the p -Raman spectra collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 100 X objective having a D/G area ratio above 0.5.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio above 0.8.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of the average D/G area ratio being between 0.4 and 2.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least 60% of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp 3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 5% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A method for the expansion of the graphite to graphene, wherein graphite particles and at least one electrolyte are introduced into at least one container and the graphite, through the application of an electrical voltage to at least one anode and at least one cathode is expanded, wherein the cathode contains or consists of diamond and hydrogen is produced at the cathode.
Method according to claim 23, wherein hydrogen is intercalated in the graphite particles or chemisorbed on the graphite particles, so that graphene flakes are exfoliated from the graphite particles.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the anode is separated from the cathode by a separator.
Method according to claim 23, wherein an electrical voltage from about 5 V to about 60 V is applied between the anode and cathode.
Method according to any claim 23, further comprising the step of photo- treating the graphene flakes for dehydrogenation, wherein more that are de-hydrogenated.
Method according to claim 23, further comprising the graphene flakes at a temperature from about about 1 m in to about 60 m in.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the more than 10 um2. 50% of hydrogenated sp 3 hybridized carbon sites the step of subsequent thermal treatment of 1 00° C to about 800 ° C and for a period of from graphene flakes have an average surface area of
Materials described outside the worked examples.
dehydrogenated graphite flakes
reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes
graphite particles
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G area ratio below 0.5 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite) | ≤ 0.5 dimensionless | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
D/G area ratio below 0.2 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 8) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,662,537Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2a are scanning electron micrographs of expanded and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116 after the electrochemical expansion using the method described …
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of graphite particles that had been expanded and thermally treated as described above with reference to
FIG. 4b) does not appear to unambiguously include flakes having an area larger than 15 square micrometers. In a histogram of an image spanning 32500 square …
FIG. 5 is a graph of a pair of overlaid Raman spectra of hydrogenated graphite layers 106 of a single location after drop-casting from suspension 125 and …
FIG. 6d shows spectroscopic data 635 and a least-square error fitted peak 640 for a second sample of separated and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116. These …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising: dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, an average thickness of atomic layers or less, and a defect density characteristic of at least 50% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 40% of the p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.995.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in six has a size in excess of 10 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 80% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.2.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a particulate powder of dehydrogenated graphite flakes.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the flakes of the dehydrogenated graphite are wrinkled, crumpled, or folded.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the full width half maximum of the G peak in p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters is larger than 20 reciprocal centimeters.
The composition claim 1, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 30% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A composition comprising: a reversibly hydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, a coefficient of determination value of 2D single peak fitting of p -Raman spectra of the graphite after thermal treatment in inert atmosphere at 2 mbar and 800 °C, collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters, of larger than 0.99 for more than 50 % of the spectra, and a defect density characteristic of p -Raman spectra of the hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 1 00 X objective having an average D/G area ratio being between 0.2 and 4, wherein the majority of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the p -Raman spectra collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 100 X objective having a D/G area ratio above 0.5.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio above 0.8.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of the average D/G area ratio being between 0.4 and 2.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least 60% of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp 3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 5% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A method for the expansion of the graphite to graphene, wherein graphite particles and at least one electrolyte are introduced into at least one container and the graphite, through the application of an electrical voltage to at least one anode and at least one cathode is expanded, wherein the cathode contains or consists of diamond and hydrogen is produced at the cathode.
Method according to claim 23, wherein hydrogen is intercalated in the graphite particles or chemisorbed on the graphite particles, so that graphene flakes are exfoliated from the graphite particles.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the anode is separated from the cathode by a separator.
Method according to claim 23, wherein an electrical voltage from about 5 V to about 60 V is applied between the anode and cathode.
Method according to any claim 23, further comprising the step of photo- treating the graphene flakes for dehydrogenation, wherein more that are de-hydrogenated.
Method according to claim 23, further comprising the graphene flakes at a temperature from about about 1 m in to about 60 m in.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the more than 10 um2. 50% of hydrogenated sp 3 hybridized carbon sites the step of subsequent thermal treatment of 1 00° C to about 800 ° C and for a period of from graphene flakes have an average surface area of
Materials described outside the worked examples.
dehydrogenated graphite flakes
reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes
graphite particles
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G area ratio below 0.5 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite) | ≤ 0.5 dimensionless | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
D/G area ratio below 0.2 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 8) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,662,537Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2a are scanning electron micrographs of expanded and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116 after the electrochemical expansion using the method described …
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of graphite particles that had been expanded and thermally treated as described above with reference to
FIG. 4b) does not appear to unambiguously include flakes having an area larger than 15 square micrometers. In a histogram of an image spanning 32500 square …
FIG. 5 is a graph of a pair of overlaid Raman spectra of hydrogenated graphite layers 106 of a single location after drop-casting from suspension 125 and …
FIG. 6d shows spectroscopic data 635 and a least-square error fitted peak 640 for a second sample of separated and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116. These …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising: dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, an average thickness of atomic layers or less, and a defect density characteristic of at least 50% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 40% of the p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.995.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in six has a size in excess of 10 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 80% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.2.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a particulate powder of dehydrogenated graphite flakes.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the flakes of the dehydrogenated graphite are wrinkled, crumpled, or folded.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the full width half maximum of the G peak in p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters is larger than 20 reciprocal centimeters.
The composition claim 1, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 30% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A composition comprising: a reversibly hydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, a coefficient of determination value of 2D single peak fitting of p -Raman spectra of the graphite after thermal treatment in inert atmosphere at 2 mbar and 800 °C, collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters, of larger than 0.99 for more than 50 % of the spectra, and a defect density characteristic of p -Raman spectra of the hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 1 00 X objective having an average D/G area ratio being between 0.2 and 4, wherein the majority of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the p -Raman spectra collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 100 X objective having a D/G area ratio above 0.5.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio above 0.8.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of the average D/G area ratio being between 0.4 and 2.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least 60% of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp 3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 5% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A method for the expansion of the graphite to graphene, wherein graphite particles and at least one electrolyte are introduced into at least one container and the graphite, through the application of an electrical voltage to at least one anode and at least one cathode is expanded, wherein the cathode contains or consists of diamond and hydrogen is produced at the cathode.
Method according to claim 23, wherein hydrogen is intercalated in the graphite particles or chemisorbed on the graphite particles, so that graphene flakes are exfoliated from the graphite particles.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the anode is separated from the cathode by a separator.
Method according to claim 23, wherein an electrical voltage from about 5 V to about 60 V is applied between the anode and cathode.
Method according to any claim 23, further comprising the step of photo- treating the graphene flakes for dehydrogenation, wherein more that are de-hydrogenated.
Method according to claim 23, further comprising the graphene flakes at a temperature from about about 1 m in to about 60 m in.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the more than 10 um2. 50% of hydrogenated sp 3 hybridized carbon sites the step of subsequent thermal treatment of 1 00° C to about 800 ° C and for a period of from graphene flakes have an average surface area of
Materials described outside the worked examples.
dehydrogenated graphite flakes
reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes
graphite particles
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G area ratio below 0.5 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite) | ≤ 0.5 dimensionless | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
D/G area ratio below 0.2 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 8) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,662,537Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1.
FIG. 2a are scanning electron micrographs of expanded and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116 after the electrochemical expansion using the method described …
FIG. 3 is a Raman spectrum of graphite particles that had been expanded and thermally treated as described above with reference to
FIG. 4b) does not appear to unambiguously include flakes having an area larger than 15 square micrometers. In a histogram of an image spanning 32500 square …
FIG. 5 is a graph of a pair of overlaid Raman spectra of hydrogenated graphite layers 106 of a single location after drop-casting from suspension 125 and …
FIG. 6d shows spectroscopic data 635 and a least-square error fitted peak 640 for a second sample of separated and dehydrogenated graphite layers 116. These …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composition comprising: dehydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, an average thickness of atomic layers or less, and a defect density characteristic of at least 50% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 1, wherein more than 40% of the p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.995.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in six has a size in excess of 10 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 80% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.5.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio below 0.2.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is a particulate powder of dehydrogenated graphite flakes.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the plurality of the flakes of the dehydrogenated graphite are wrinkled, crumpled, or folded.
The composition of claim 1, wherein the full width half maximum of the G peak in p -Raman spectra of the de-hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters is larger than 20 reciprocal centimeters.
The composition claim 1, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 30% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A composition comprising: a reversibly hydrogenated graphite comprising a plurality of flakes having at least one flake in 10 having a size in excess of 10 square micrometers, a coefficient of determination value of 2D single peak fitting of p -Raman spectra of the graphite after thermal treatment in inert atmosphere at 2 mbar and 800 °C, collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters, of larger than 0.99 for more than 50 % of the spectra, and a defect density characteristic of p -Raman spectra of the hydrogenated graphite collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 1 00 X objective having an average D/G area ratio being between 0.2 and 4, wherein the majority of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein more than 60% of p -Raman spectra of the graphite have the coefficient of determination value larger than 0.99.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least one flake in ten has a size in excess of 25 square micrometers.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the average thickness is seven atomic layers or less.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the p -Raman spectra collected at 532 nm excitation with a resolution better than 1.8 reciprocal centimeters and an excitation power below 2 mW at the focus of an 100 X objective having a D/G area ratio above 0.5.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of at least 50% of the collected spectra having a D/G area ratio above 0.8.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the defect density is characteristic of the average D/G area ratio being between 0.4 and 2.
The composition of claim 13, wherein at least 60% of the defects are reversible hydrogenation of sp 3 -hybridized carbon sites away from the edges of the flakes.
The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition is a composite and at least 5% of sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of the composition are one or more o f: a) functionalized with a nonhydrogen chemical group, b) cross-linked with sp 3 hybridized carbon sites of another flakes, or c) otherwise chemically modified.
A method for the expansion of the graphite to graphene, wherein graphite particles and at least one electrolyte are introduced into at least one container and the graphite, through the application of an electrical voltage to at least one anode and at least one cathode is expanded, wherein the cathode contains or consists of diamond and hydrogen is produced at the cathode.
Method according to claim 23, wherein hydrogen is intercalated in the graphite particles or chemisorbed on the graphite particles, so that graphene flakes are exfoliated from the graphite particles.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the anode is separated from the cathode by a separator.
Method according to claim 23, wherein an electrical voltage from about 5 V to about 60 V is applied between the anode and cathode.
Method according to any claim 23, further comprising the step of photo- treating the graphene flakes for dehydrogenation, wherein more that are de-hydrogenated.
Method according to claim 23, further comprising the graphene flakes at a temperature from about about 1 m in to about 60 m in.
Method according to claim 23, wherein the more than 10 um2. 50% of hydrogenated sp 3 hybridized carbon sites the step of subsequent thermal treatment of 1 00° C to about 800 ° C and for a period of from graphene flakes have an average surface area of
Materials described outside the worked examples.
dehydrogenated graphite flakes
reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes
graphite particles
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G area ratio below 0.5 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite) | ≤ 0.5 dimensionless | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
D/G area ratio below 0.2 for at least 50% of spectra (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 8) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
diamond cathode
C
reduced graphene oxide (GRAPHENEA RGO)
ELICARB GRAPHENE (solvent-exfoliated graphene)
expanded graphite L₂₁₃₆
dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
G peak FWHM larger than 20 cm-1 (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 11) | ≥ 20 cm⁻¹ | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
Average D/G area ratio between 0.2 and 4 (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | 0.2–4 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Coefficient of determination >0.99 for >50% of spectra after thermal treatment (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | ≥ 0.99 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Voltage | 5–60 V | — |
Voltage | 15–30 V | — |
Thickness | 2–5 um | — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.5 um | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 µm | — |
— | ≤ 0.5 ev | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 um | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 um | — |
Temperature | 0–800 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 um | — |
Voltage | 10–50 V | — |
Voltage | 12–45 V | — |
Temperature | 100–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–650 °C | — |
diamond cathode
C
reduced graphene oxide (GRAPHENEA RGO)
ELICARB GRAPHENE (solvent-exfoliated graphene)
expanded graphite L₂₁₃₆
dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
G peak FWHM larger than 20 cm-1 (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 11) | ≥ 20 cm⁻¹ | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
Average D/G area ratio between 0.2 and 4 (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | 0.2–4 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Coefficient of determination >0.99 for >50% of spectra after thermal treatment (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | ≥ 0.99 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Voltage | 5–60 V | — |
Voltage | 15–30 V | — |
Thickness | 2–5 um | — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.5 um | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 µm | — |
— | ≤ 0.5 ev | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 um | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 um | — |
Temperature | 0–800 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 um | — |
Voltage | 10–50 V | — |
Voltage | 12–45 V | — |
Temperature | 100–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–650 °C | — |
diamond cathode
C
reduced graphene oxide (GRAPHENEA RGO)
ELICARB GRAPHENE (solvent-exfoliated graphene)
expanded graphite L₂₁₃₆
dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
G peak FWHM larger than 20 cm-1 (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 11) | ≥ 20 cm⁻¹ | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
Average D/G area ratio between 0.2 and 4 (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | 0.2–4 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Coefficient of determination >0.99 for >50% of spectra after thermal treatment (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | ≥ 0.99 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Voltage | 5–60 V | — |
Voltage | 15–30 V | — |
Thickness | 2–5 um | — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.5 um | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 µm | — |
— | ≤ 0.5 ev | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 um | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 um | — |
Temperature | 0–800 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 um | — |
Voltage | 10–50 V | — |
Voltage | 12–45 V | — |
Temperature | 100–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–650 °C | — |
diamond cathode
C
reduced graphene oxide (GRAPHENEA RGO)
ELICARB GRAPHENE (solvent-exfoliated graphene)
expanded graphite L₂₁₃₆
dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
G peak FWHM larger than 20 cm-1 (dehydrogenated graphite, claim 11) | ≥ 20 cm⁻¹ | dehydrogenated graphite flakes |
Average D/G area ratio between 0.2 and 4 (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | 0.2–4 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Coefficient of determination >0.99 for >50% of spectra after thermal treatment (reversibly hydrogenated graphite, claim 13) | ≥ 0.99 dimensionless | reversibly hydrogenated graphite flakes |
Voltage | 5–60 V | — |
Voltage | 15–30 V | — |
Thickness | 2–5 um | — |
Thickness | 0.5–2 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 um | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.5 um | — |
Temperature | ≤ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 µm | — |
— | ≤ 0.5 ev | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 um | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 um | — |
Temperature | 0–800 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 um | — |
Voltage | 10–50 V | — |
Voltage | 12–45 V | — |
Temperature | 100–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 300–650 °C | — |