Patent
US 10,233,086Method for Preparing Sulfonated Graphene from Organic Material and Sulfonated Graphene
Yonghua Jiang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,233,086Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently amended) A method for producing sulfonated graphene from an organic material, the method comprising: a first contact step: contacting a reaction medium containing an oxidative sulfonating agent with the organic material at a first temperature to start a sulfonation reaction; and a second contact step: after the first contact step has been finished, increasing the first temperature to a second temperature to continue to react, thereby obtaining the sulfonated graphene, wherein the first temperature is within a range of 40-130 ° C, and the second temperature is within a range of 150-220 °C, wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of organic polymer materials and organic small molecular materials, the organic polymer material being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, chlorinated polyethylene, acetylene oligomer, polyacetylene, polyalkyne containing a halogen element, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyalkenes containing a halogen element; and the organic small molecular material being selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 30 linear hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons with a benzene ring structure, and wherein the weight ratio of the organic material to the reaction medium is 5:1-1:500. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative sulfonating agent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound having a general formula R-S O 3 H, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HCl; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HF; concentrated sulfuric acid; fuming sulfuric acid; and a combination thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the first contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours, and the second contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic material has a crystallinity of 0-30%, and a molecular weight of 50-50000. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the second contact step is carried out in the reaction medium containing the oxidative sulfonating agent. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
(Cu rr ently amended) A sulfonated graphene, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sulfonated groups and the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 12:1-1:1; wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter, which is a planar diameter of the sulfonated graphene, of larger than 10 micrometers, and a thickness, which is an extent in the normal direction of the plane of the sulfonated graphene, of 0.5-100 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 80%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 80%. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than 50 micrometers; and a thickness of 1-50 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 90%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 90%. Previously presented
(Cu rr ently amended) A material comprising the sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the material is i n transparent conductive electrode, thermal conductive material, supercapacitor, transistor, fuel cell, integrated circuit, solar cell, biocarrier, complex agent, composite material, chelating agent, waterborne coating, water-based lubricant, mobile device, aerospace material, ink or photosensitive element. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 10:1-2:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 8:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 6:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-10 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-5 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than or equal to 100 micrometers and smaller than 1000 micrometers. Previously presented
13-14. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
sulfonated graphene
organic polymer material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
carbon/sulfur ratio (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter (claimed range) | — |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,233,086Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently amended) A method for producing sulfonated graphene from an organic material, the method comprising: a first contact step: contacting a reaction medium containing an oxidative sulfonating agent with the organic material at a first temperature to start a sulfonation reaction; and a second contact step: after the first contact step has been finished, increasing the first temperature to a second temperature to continue to react, thereby obtaining the sulfonated graphene, wherein the first temperature is within a range of 40-130 ° C, and the second temperature is within a range of 150-220 °C, wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of organic polymer materials and organic small molecular materials, the organic polymer material being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, chlorinated polyethylene, acetylene oligomer, polyacetylene, polyalkyne containing a halogen element, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyalkenes containing a halogen element; and the organic small molecular material being selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 30 linear hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons with a benzene ring structure, and wherein the weight ratio of the organic material to the reaction medium is 5:1-1:500. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative sulfonating agent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound having a general formula R-S O 3 H, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HCl; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HF; concentrated sulfuric acid; fuming sulfuric acid; and a combination thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the first contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours, and the second contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic material has a crystallinity of 0-30%, and a molecular weight of 50-50000. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the second contact step is carried out in the reaction medium containing the oxidative sulfonating agent. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
(Cu rr ently amended) A sulfonated graphene, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sulfonated groups and the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 12:1-1:1; wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter, which is a planar diameter of the sulfonated graphene, of larger than 10 micrometers, and a thickness, which is an extent in the normal direction of the plane of the sulfonated graphene, of 0.5-100 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 80%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 80%. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than 50 micrometers; and a thickness of 1-50 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 90%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 90%. Previously presented
(Cu rr ently amended) A material comprising the sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the material is i n transparent conductive electrode, thermal conductive material, supercapacitor, transistor, fuel cell, integrated circuit, solar cell, biocarrier, complex agent, composite material, chelating agent, waterborne coating, water-based lubricant, mobile device, aerospace material, ink or photosensitive element. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 10:1-2:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 8:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 6:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-10 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-5 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than or equal to 100 micrometers and smaller than 1000 micrometers. Previously presented
13-14. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
sulfonated graphene
organic polymer material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
carbon/sulfur ratio (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter (claimed range) | — |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,233,086Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently amended) A method for producing sulfonated graphene from an organic material, the method comprising: a first contact step: contacting a reaction medium containing an oxidative sulfonating agent with the organic material at a first temperature to start a sulfonation reaction; and a second contact step: after the first contact step has been finished, increasing the first temperature to a second temperature to continue to react, thereby obtaining the sulfonated graphene, wherein the first temperature is within a range of 40-130 ° C, and the second temperature is within a range of 150-220 °C, wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of organic polymer materials and organic small molecular materials, the organic polymer material being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, chlorinated polyethylene, acetylene oligomer, polyacetylene, polyalkyne containing a halogen element, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyalkenes containing a halogen element; and the organic small molecular material being selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 30 linear hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons with a benzene ring structure, and wherein the weight ratio of the organic material to the reaction medium is 5:1-1:500. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative sulfonating agent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound having a general formula R-S O 3 H, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HCl; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HF; concentrated sulfuric acid; fuming sulfuric acid; and a combination thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the first contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours, and the second contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic material has a crystallinity of 0-30%, and a molecular weight of 50-50000. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the second contact step is carried out in the reaction medium containing the oxidative sulfonating agent. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
(Cu rr ently amended) A sulfonated graphene, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sulfonated groups and the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 12:1-1:1; wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter, which is a planar diameter of the sulfonated graphene, of larger than 10 micrometers, and a thickness, which is an extent in the normal direction of the plane of the sulfonated graphene, of 0.5-100 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 80%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 80%. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than 50 micrometers; and a thickness of 1-50 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 90%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 90%. Previously presented
(Cu rr ently amended) A material comprising the sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the material is i n transparent conductive electrode, thermal conductive material, supercapacitor, transistor, fuel cell, integrated circuit, solar cell, biocarrier, complex agent, composite material, chelating agent, waterborne coating, water-based lubricant, mobile device, aerospace material, ink or photosensitive element. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 10:1-2:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 8:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 6:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-10 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-5 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than or equal to 100 micrometers and smaller than 1000 micrometers. Previously presented
13-14. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
sulfonated graphene
organic polymer material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
carbon/sulfur ratio (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter (claimed range) | — |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,233,086Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
(Cu rr ently amended) A method for producing sulfonated graphene from an organic material, the method comprising: a first contact step: contacting a reaction medium containing an oxidative sulfonating agent with the organic material at a first temperature to start a sulfonation reaction; and a second contact step: after the first contact step has been finished, increasing the first temperature to a second temperature to continue to react, thereby obtaining the sulfonated graphene, wherein the first temperature is within a range of 40-130 ° C, and the second temperature is within a range of 150-220 °C, wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of organic polymer materials and organic small molecular materials, the organic polymer material being selected from the group consisting of polyethylene wax, chlorinated polyethylene, acetylene oligomer, polyacetylene, polyalkyne containing a halogen element, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyalkenes containing a halogen element; and the organic small molecular material being selected from the group consisting of C 4 -C 30 linear hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons with a benzene ring structure, and wherein the weight ratio of the organic material to the reaction medium is 5:1-1:500. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidative sulfonating agent comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of: a compound having a general formula R-S O 3 H, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HCl; a combination of H 2 S O 4 and HF; concentrated sulfuric acid; fuming sulfuric acid; and a combination thereof. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the first contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours, and the second contact step is carried out for a duration within a range of from 1 hour to 40 hours. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic material has a crystallinity of 0-30%, and a molecular weight of 50-50000. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the second contact step is carried out in the reaction medium containing the oxidative sulfonating agent. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
(Cu rr ently amended) A sulfonated graphene, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sulfonated groups and the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 12:1-1:1; wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter, which is a planar diameter of the sulfonated graphene, of larger than 10 micrometers, and a thickness, which is an extent in the normal direction of the plane of the sulfonated graphene, of 0.5-100 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 80%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 80%. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than 50 micrometers; and a thickness of 1-50 nanometers; the sulfonated graphene has a thickness uniformity of more than 90%, and the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter uniformity of more than 90%. Previously presented
(Cu rr ently amended) A material comprising the sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the material is i n transparent conductive electrode, thermal conductive material, supercapacitor, transistor, fuel cell, integrated circuit, solar cell, biocarrier, complex agent, composite material, chelating agent, waterborne coating, water-based lubricant, mobile device, aerospace material, ink or photosensitive element. Currently amended
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 10:1-2:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 8:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a carbon/sulfur ratio of 6:1-3:1. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-10 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a thickness of 1-5 nanometers. Previously presented
The sulfonated graphene of claim 8, wherein the sulfonated graphene has a sheet diameter of larger than or equal to 100 micrometers and smaller than 1000 micrometers. Previously presented
13-14. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
sulfonated graphene
organic polymer material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
carbon/sulfur ratio (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter (claimed range) | — |
organic small molecular material
oxidative sulfonating agent
polyethylene wax
chlorinated polyethylene
acetylene oligomer
polyacetylene
polyalkyne containing a halogen element
polyethylene
polyvinyl chloride
polyalkenes containing a halogen element
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
fuming sulfuric acid
thickness (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
thickness uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Temperature | 98–102 °C | — |
Thickness | 80–90 µm | — |
Temperature | 127–129 °C | — |
Thickness | 90–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 96–99 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–60 µm | — |
Temperature | 163–167 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Duration | 1–40 hours | — |
Duration | 900–28800 s | — |
Thickness | 1–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 70–80 µm | — |
Duration | 2–35 hours | — |
Duration | 3–30 hours | — |
Duration | 4–28 hours | — |
Duration | 5–25 hours | — |
Duration | 6–20 hours | — |
Duration | 7–18 hours | — |
Duration | 8–16 hours | — |
Duration | 9–12 hours | — |
Duration | 10–11 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 0–10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 10 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–130 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–220 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
organic small molecular material
oxidative sulfonating agent
polyethylene wax
chlorinated polyethylene
acetylene oligomer
polyacetylene
polyalkyne containing a halogen element
polyethylene
polyvinyl chloride
polyalkenes containing a halogen element
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
fuming sulfuric acid
thickness (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
thickness uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Temperature | 98–102 °C | — |
Thickness | 80–90 µm | — |
Temperature | 127–129 °C | — |
Thickness | 90–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 96–99 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–60 µm | — |
Temperature | 163–167 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Duration | 1–40 hours | — |
Duration | 900–28800 s | — |
Thickness | 1–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 70–80 µm | — |
Duration | 2–35 hours | — |
Duration | 3–30 hours | — |
Duration | 4–28 hours | — |
Duration | 5–25 hours | — |
Duration | 6–20 hours | — |
Duration | 7–18 hours | — |
Duration | 8–16 hours | — |
Duration | 9–12 hours | — |
Duration | 10–11 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 0–10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 10 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–130 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–220 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
organic small molecular material
oxidative sulfonating agent
polyethylene wax
chlorinated polyethylene
acetylene oligomer
polyacetylene
polyalkyne containing a halogen element
polyethylene
polyvinyl chloride
polyalkenes containing a halogen element
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
fuming sulfuric acid
thickness (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
thickness uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Temperature | 98–102 °C | — |
Thickness | 80–90 µm | — |
Temperature | 127–129 °C | — |
Thickness | 90–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 96–99 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–60 µm | — |
Temperature | 163–167 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Duration | 1–40 hours | — |
Duration | 900–28800 s | — |
Thickness | 1–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 70–80 µm | — |
Duration | 2–35 hours | — |
Duration | 3–30 hours | — |
Duration | 4–28 hours | — |
Duration | 5–25 hours | — |
Duration | 6–20 hours | — |
Duration | 7–18 hours | — |
Duration | 8–16 hours | — |
Duration | 9–12 hours | — |
Duration | 10–11 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 0–10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 10 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–130 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–220 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
organic small molecular material
oxidative sulfonating agent
polyethylene wax
chlorinated polyethylene
acetylene oligomer
polyacetylene
polyalkyne containing a halogen element
polyethylene
polyvinyl chloride
polyalkenes containing a halogen element
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
fuming sulfuric acid
thickness (claimed range) | — | sulfonated graphene |
thickness uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
sheet diameter uniformity (claimed) | — | sulfonated graphene |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Temperature | 98–102 °C | — |
Thickness | 80–90 µm | — |
Temperature | 127–129 °C | — |
Thickness | 90–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 96–99 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–60 µm | — |
Temperature | 163–167 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Duration | 1–40 hours | — |
Duration | 900–28800 s | — |
Thickness | 1–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–200 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–30 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 3–15 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 70–80 µm | — |
Duration | 2–35 hours | — |
Duration | 3–30 hours | — |
Duration | 4–28 hours | — |
Duration | 5–25 hours | — |
Duration | 6–20 hours | — |
Duration | 7–18 hours | — |
Duration | 8–16 hours | — |
Duration | 9–12 hours | — |
Duration | 10–11 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–300 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.5–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 10–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 50–100 µm | — |
Thickness | 0–10 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 10 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 20 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 30 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 40 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–130 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–220 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |