Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1O A provides the size distribution of c-GQDs. FIG. IO B provides an AFM image of a-GQDs. The scale bar is 100 nm. FIG. IO C provides the height profile …
FIG. 2D. The inset is the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2 D FFT) image that shows the crystalline 3 WO 2014/179708 PCT/US₂₀₁₄/036604 hexagonal …
FIG. 3B provides an SEM image of coke, showing normal spherical shapes with approximately 110 m in diameter. The scale bar is 300 pm. [0015] FIGURE 4 provides …
FIGS. 4A-B and Table 3. SVG 14888301.10-30-2015.IGGMPHO₀PXXIFW4.SPEC.3.svg 1.84 4.1 Black and white Table 3. Summary of atomic concentrations of carbon …
FIG. 5 B shows a TEM image of a non-fully cut larger size b-GQD showing different nanometer-sized crystalline domains as highlighted by the circles. The inset …
FIG. 6C). [0091] The size of b-GQDs can be tuned by varying the oxidation cutting temperature. GQDs from bituminous coal produced at 120 0 C (b-GQDs *) were …
FIG. 7A shows the TEM image. The size is approximately 2 to 3 nm. A few outliers, which were not fully cut, have sizes larger than 4.5 nm. The scale bar is 10 …
FIG. 8D. However, the workup is more laborious for the removal of the manganese salts. When using fuming sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid, higher degrees …
FIG. 9D provides an HRTEM image of a-GQD. Insets are the FFT patterns of high and low layered structure. They both show crystalline hexagonal patterns. [0021] …
FIG. 11 C shows ssFT IR spectra of c- GQDs and a-GQDs showing C- O, C =O and O -H vibration modes. [0023] FIGURE 12 provides the TGA characterizations of GQDs …
FIG. 12). GQDs tested in air tended to have higher weight loss and were less stable than those tested in argon using the same temperature program. The …
FIG. 13C. A denotes absorption. GS is ground state. PL is photoluminescence. ES is excited state. IC is internal conversion. Nonag is non-aggregated state. Ag …
FIG. 14B. A 0.66 eV difference in absorption is observed between the non-aggregated and aggregated states, which leads to different emission energy gaps. A …
FIG. 15D. No rapid photobleaching was observed from any of the three GQDs within 2 h. This is far more stable than in the comparison experiment using …
FIG. 16 shows a photo of the produced a-GQDs. TEM images in
FIG. 17C shows the size distribution of a-GQDs. [0029] FIGURE 18 shows the spectrum of a-GQDs with 514 n m laser excitation. G and D Raman peaks of a typical …
FIGS. 18-20 show that the produced GQDs are oxidized. In addition, the photophysical characterizations in
FIG. 19B is a high resolution C i s XPS spectrum of a-GQDs, where the 284.4 eV peak is assigned to C = C is double bonds. [0031] FIGURE 20 shows the F TIR …
FIG. 21B is a photoluminescent (PL) emission of a- GQDs excited at 345 nm. The inset is a photograph showing fluorescence of a-GQDs in DI water at 0.1 mg mL-1. …
FIG. 22A, the PL intensity of GQDs increased dramatically after the hydrothermal treatment. In addition, as summarized in Table 7, the quantum yield (QY) after …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1. A method of making graphene quantum dots from a carbon source, wherein the method comprises: exposing the carbon source to an oxidant, wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of coal, coke and combinations thereof, wherein the exposing comprises stirring and heating the carbon source in the presence of the oxidant, and wherein the exposing provides oxidative reaction conditions sufficient to result in formation of the graphene quantum dots from the carbon source. Currently amended
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coal, wherein the coal is selected from the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, metamorphically altered bituminous coal, asphaltenes, asphalt, peat, lignite, steam coal, petrified oil, and combinations thereof. Original
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coke. Original
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises bituminous coal. Original
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises anthracite. Original
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant comprises an acid. Original
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Original
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, hypophosphorous acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and combinations thereof. Original
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and hypophosphorous acid. Original
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the exposing comprises sonicating the carbon source in presence of the oxidant. Original
13. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures of at least about 100 0 C. Currently amended
14. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures ranging from about 100 0 C to about 150 0 C. Currently amended
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating the fo rmed graphene quantum dots from the oxidant. Original
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of enhancing a quantum yield of the graphene quantum dots. Original
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of reducing the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is bituminous coal, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 5 nm. Original
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is anthracite, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. Original
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is coke, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 2 nm to about 10 nm. Original
27. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of controlling the diameter of the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
32. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a crystalline hexagonal structure. Original
33. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a single layer. Original
34. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have multiple layers. Original
36. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are functionalized with a plurality of functional groups. Original
41. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are utilized in road stickers, road signs, coatings, clothing, paints, photographic processing materials, and combinations thereof. Original
12. Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal
coke
graphene quantum dots
bituminous coal
anthracite
graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
b-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 2.96 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 5.8 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 1–5 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
a-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 10–50 nm | graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 2–10 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD AFM height range | 1.5–3 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 18–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–8 nm | — |
Thickness | 460–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–550 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 380–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 310–345 nm | — |
Thickness | 300–400 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1O A provides the size distribution of c-GQDs. FIG. IO B provides an AFM image of a-GQDs. The scale bar is 100 nm. FIG. IO C provides the height profile …
FIG. 2D. The inset is the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2 D FFT) image that shows the crystalline 3 WO 2014/179708 PCT/US₂₀₁₄/036604 hexagonal …
FIG. 3B provides an SEM image of coke, showing normal spherical shapes with approximately 110 m in diameter. The scale bar is 300 pm. [0015] FIGURE 4 provides …
FIGS. 4A-B and Table 3. SVG 14888301.10-30-2015.IGGMPHO₀PXXIFW4.SPEC.3.svg 1.84 4.1 Black and white Table 3. Summary of atomic concentrations of carbon …
FIG. 5 B shows a TEM image of a non-fully cut larger size b-GQD showing different nanometer-sized crystalline domains as highlighted by the circles. The inset …
FIG. 6C). [0091] The size of b-GQDs can be tuned by varying the oxidation cutting temperature. GQDs from bituminous coal produced at 120 0 C (b-GQDs *) were …
FIG. 7A shows the TEM image. The size is approximately 2 to 3 nm. A few outliers, which were not fully cut, have sizes larger than 4.5 nm. The scale bar is 10 …
FIG. 8D. However, the workup is more laborious for the removal of the manganese salts. When using fuming sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid, higher degrees …
FIG. 9D provides an HRTEM image of a-GQD. Insets are the FFT patterns of high and low layered structure. They both show crystalline hexagonal patterns. [0021] …
FIG. 11 C shows ssFT IR spectra of c- GQDs and a-GQDs showing C- O, C =O and O -H vibration modes. [0023] FIGURE 12 provides the TGA characterizations of GQDs …
FIG. 12). GQDs tested in air tended to have higher weight loss and were less stable than those tested in argon using the same temperature program. The …
FIG. 13C. A denotes absorption. GS is ground state. PL is photoluminescence. ES is excited state. IC is internal conversion. Nonag is non-aggregated state. Ag …
FIG. 14B. A 0.66 eV difference in absorption is observed between the non-aggregated and aggregated states, which leads to different emission energy gaps. A …
FIG. 15D. No rapid photobleaching was observed from any of the three GQDs within 2 h. This is far more stable than in the comparison experiment using …
FIG. 16 shows a photo of the produced a-GQDs. TEM images in
FIG. 17C shows the size distribution of a-GQDs. [0029] FIGURE 18 shows the spectrum of a-GQDs with 514 n m laser excitation. G and D Raman peaks of a typical …
FIGS. 18-20 show that the produced GQDs are oxidized. In addition, the photophysical characterizations in
FIG. 19B is a high resolution C i s XPS spectrum of a-GQDs, where the 284.4 eV peak is assigned to C = C is double bonds. [0031] FIGURE 20 shows the F TIR …
FIG. 21B is a photoluminescent (PL) emission of a- GQDs excited at 345 nm. The inset is a photograph showing fluorescence of a-GQDs in DI water at 0.1 mg mL-1. …
FIG. 22A, the PL intensity of GQDs increased dramatically after the hydrothermal treatment. In addition, as summarized in Table 7, the quantum yield (QY) after …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1. A method of making graphene quantum dots from a carbon source, wherein the method comprises: exposing the carbon source to an oxidant, wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of coal, coke and combinations thereof, wherein the exposing comprises stirring and heating the carbon source in the presence of the oxidant, and wherein the exposing provides oxidative reaction conditions sufficient to result in formation of the graphene quantum dots from the carbon source. Currently amended
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coal, wherein the coal is selected from the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, metamorphically altered bituminous coal, asphaltenes, asphalt, peat, lignite, steam coal, petrified oil, and combinations thereof. Original
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coke. Original
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises bituminous coal. Original
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises anthracite. Original
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant comprises an acid. Original
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Original
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, hypophosphorous acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and combinations thereof. Original
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and hypophosphorous acid. Original
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the exposing comprises sonicating the carbon source in presence of the oxidant. Original
13. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures of at least about 100 0 C. Currently amended
14. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures ranging from about 100 0 C to about 150 0 C. Currently amended
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating the fo rmed graphene quantum dots from the oxidant. Original
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of enhancing a quantum yield of the graphene quantum dots. Original
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of reducing the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is bituminous coal, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 5 nm. Original
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is anthracite, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. Original
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is coke, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 2 nm to about 10 nm. Original
27. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of controlling the diameter of the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
32. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a crystalline hexagonal structure. Original
33. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a single layer. Original
34. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have multiple layers. Original
36. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are functionalized with a plurality of functional groups. Original
41. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are utilized in road stickers, road signs, coatings, clothing, paints, photographic processing materials, and combinations thereof. Original
12. Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal
coke
graphene quantum dots
bituminous coal
anthracite
graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
b-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 2.96 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 5.8 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 1–5 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
a-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 10–50 nm | graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 2–10 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD AFM height range | 1.5–3 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 18–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–8 nm | — |
Thickness | 460–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–550 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 380–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 310–345 nm | — |
Thickness | 300–400 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1O A provides the size distribution of c-GQDs. FIG. IO B provides an AFM image of a-GQDs. The scale bar is 100 nm. FIG. IO C provides the height profile …
FIG. 2D. The inset is the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2 D FFT) image that shows the crystalline 3 WO 2014/179708 PCT/US₂₀₁₄/036604 hexagonal …
FIG. 3B provides an SEM image of coke, showing normal spherical shapes with approximately 110 m in diameter. The scale bar is 300 pm. [0015] FIGURE 4 provides …
FIGS. 4A-B and Table 3. SVG 14888301.10-30-2015.IGGMPHO₀PXXIFW4.SPEC.3.svg 1.84 4.1 Black and white Table 3. Summary of atomic concentrations of carbon …
FIG. 5 B shows a TEM image of a non-fully cut larger size b-GQD showing different nanometer-sized crystalline domains as highlighted by the circles. The inset …
FIG. 6C). [0091] The size of b-GQDs can be tuned by varying the oxidation cutting temperature. GQDs from bituminous coal produced at 120 0 C (b-GQDs *) were …
FIG. 7A shows the TEM image. The size is approximately 2 to 3 nm. A few outliers, which were not fully cut, have sizes larger than 4.5 nm. The scale bar is 10 …
FIG. 8D. However, the workup is more laborious for the removal of the manganese salts. When using fuming sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid, higher degrees …
FIG. 9D provides an HRTEM image of a-GQD. Insets are the FFT patterns of high and low layered structure. They both show crystalline hexagonal patterns. [0021] …
FIG. 11 C shows ssFT IR spectra of c- GQDs and a-GQDs showing C- O, C =O and O -H vibration modes. [0023] FIGURE 12 provides the TGA characterizations of GQDs …
FIG. 12). GQDs tested in air tended to have higher weight loss and were less stable than those tested in argon using the same temperature program. The …
FIG. 13C. A denotes absorption. GS is ground state. PL is photoluminescence. ES is excited state. IC is internal conversion. Nonag is non-aggregated state. Ag …
FIG. 14B. A 0.66 eV difference in absorption is observed between the non-aggregated and aggregated states, which leads to different emission energy gaps. A …
FIG. 15D. No rapid photobleaching was observed from any of the three GQDs within 2 h. This is far more stable than in the comparison experiment using …
FIG. 16 shows a photo of the produced a-GQDs. TEM images in
FIG. 17C shows the size distribution of a-GQDs. [0029] FIGURE 18 shows the spectrum of a-GQDs with 514 n m laser excitation. G and D Raman peaks of a typical …
FIGS. 18-20 show that the produced GQDs are oxidized. In addition, the photophysical characterizations in
FIG. 19B is a high resolution C i s XPS spectrum of a-GQDs, where the 284.4 eV peak is assigned to C = C is double bonds. [0031] FIGURE 20 shows the F TIR …
FIG. 21B is a photoluminescent (PL) emission of a- GQDs excited at 345 nm. The inset is a photograph showing fluorescence of a-GQDs in DI water at 0.1 mg mL-1. …
FIG. 22A, the PL intensity of GQDs increased dramatically after the hydrothermal treatment. In addition, as summarized in Table 7, the quantum yield (QY) after …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1. A method of making graphene quantum dots from a carbon source, wherein the method comprises: exposing the carbon source to an oxidant, wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of coal, coke and combinations thereof, wherein the exposing comprises stirring and heating the carbon source in the presence of the oxidant, and wherein the exposing provides oxidative reaction conditions sufficient to result in formation of the graphene quantum dots from the carbon source. Currently amended
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coal, wherein the coal is selected from the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, metamorphically altered bituminous coal, asphaltenes, asphalt, peat, lignite, steam coal, petrified oil, and combinations thereof. Original
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coke. Original
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises bituminous coal. Original
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises anthracite. Original
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant comprises an acid. Original
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Original
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, hypophosphorous acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and combinations thereof. Original
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and hypophosphorous acid. Original
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the exposing comprises sonicating the carbon source in presence of the oxidant. Original
13. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures of at least about 100 0 C. Currently amended
14. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures ranging from about 100 0 C to about 150 0 C. Currently amended
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating the fo rmed graphene quantum dots from the oxidant. Original
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of enhancing a quantum yield of the graphene quantum dots. Original
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of reducing the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is bituminous coal, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 5 nm. Original
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is anthracite, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. Original
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is coke, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 2 nm to about 10 nm. Original
27. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of controlling the diameter of the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
32. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a crystalline hexagonal structure. Original
33. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a single layer. Original
34. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have multiple layers. Original
36. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are functionalized with a plurality of functional groups. Original
41. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are utilized in road stickers, road signs, coatings, clothing, paints, photographic processing materials, and combinations thereof. Original
12. Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal
coke
graphene quantum dots
bituminous coal
anthracite
graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
b-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 2.96 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 5.8 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 1–5 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
a-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 10–50 nm | graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 2–10 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD AFM height range | 1.5–3 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 18–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–8 nm | — |
Thickness | 460–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–550 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 380–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 310–345 nm | — |
Thickness | 300–400 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1O A provides the size distribution of c-GQDs. FIG. IO B provides an AFM image of a-GQDs. The scale bar is 100 nm. FIG. IO C provides the height profile …
FIG. 2D. The inset is the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2 D FFT) image that shows the crystalline 3 WO 2014/179708 PCT/US₂₀₁₄/036604 hexagonal …
FIG. 3B provides an SEM image of coke, showing normal spherical shapes with approximately 110 m in diameter. The scale bar is 300 pm. [0015] FIGURE 4 provides …
FIGS. 4A-B and Table 3. SVG 14888301.10-30-2015.IGGMPHO₀PXXIFW4.SPEC.3.svg 1.84 4.1 Black and white Table 3. Summary of atomic concentrations of carbon …
FIG. 5 B shows a TEM image of a non-fully cut larger size b-GQD showing different nanometer-sized crystalline domains as highlighted by the circles. The inset …
FIG. 6C). [0091] The size of b-GQDs can be tuned by varying the oxidation cutting temperature. GQDs from bituminous coal produced at 120 0 C (b-GQDs *) were …
FIG. 7A shows the TEM image. The size is approximately 2 to 3 nm. A few outliers, which were not fully cut, have sizes larger than 4.5 nm. The scale bar is 10 …
FIG. 8D. However, the workup is more laborious for the removal of the manganese salts. When using fuming sulfuric acid and fuming nitric acid, higher degrees …
FIG. 9D provides an HRTEM image of a-GQD. Insets are the FFT patterns of high and low layered structure. They both show crystalline hexagonal patterns. [0021] …
FIG. 11 C shows ssFT IR spectra of c- GQDs and a-GQDs showing C- O, C =O and O -H vibration modes. [0023] FIGURE 12 provides the TGA characterizations of GQDs …
FIG. 12). GQDs tested in air tended to have higher weight loss and were less stable than those tested in argon using the same temperature program. The …
FIG. 13C. A denotes absorption. GS is ground state. PL is photoluminescence. ES is excited state. IC is internal conversion. Nonag is non-aggregated state. Ag …
FIG. 14B. A 0.66 eV difference in absorption is observed between the non-aggregated and aggregated states, which leads to different emission energy gaps. A …
FIG. 15D. No rapid photobleaching was observed from any of the three GQDs within 2 h. This is far more stable than in the comparison experiment using …
FIG. 16 shows a photo of the produced a-GQDs. TEM images in
FIG. 17C shows the size distribution of a-GQDs. [0029] FIGURE 18 shows the spectrum of a-GQDs with 514 n m laser excitation. G and D Raman peaks of a typical …
FIGS. 18-20 show that the produced GQDs are oxidized. In addition, the photophysical characterizations in
FIG. 19B is a high resolution C i s XPS spectrum of a-GQDs, where the 284.4 eV peak is assigned to C = C is double bonds. [0031] FIGURE 20 shows the F TIR …
FIG. 21B is a photoluminescent (PL) emission of a- GQDs excited at 345 nm. The inset is a photograph showing fluorescence of a-GQDs in DI water at 0.1 mg mL-1. …
FIG. 22A, the PL intensity of GQDs increased dramatically after the hydrothermal treatment. In addition, as summarized in Table 7, the quantum yield (QY) after …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
1. A method of making graphene quantum dots from a carbon source, wherein the method comprises: exposing the carbon source to an oxidant, wherein the carbon source is selected from the group consisting of coal, coke and combinations thereof, wherein the exposing comprises stirring and heating the carbon source in the presence of the oxidant, and wherein the exposing provides oxidative reaction conditions sufficient to result in formation of the graphene quantum dots from the carbon source. Currently amended
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coal, wherein the coal is selected from the group consisting of anthracite, bituminous coal, sub-bituminous coal, metamorphically altered bituminous coal, asphaltenes, asphalt, peat, lignite, steam coal, petrified oil, and combinations thereof. Original
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises coke. Original
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises bituminous coal. Original
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises anthracite. Original
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant comprises an acid. Original
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Original
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is selected from the group consisting of potassium permanganate, sodium permanganate, hypophosphorous acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and combinations thereof. Original
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the oxidant is a mixture of potassium permanganate, sulfuric acid, and hypophosphorous acid. Original
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the exposing comprises sonicating the carbon source in presence of the oxidant. Original
13. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures of at least about 100 0 C. Currently amended
14. The method of claim 1 4-2, wherein the heating occurs at temperatures ranging from about 100 0 C to about 150 0 C. Currently amended
15. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating the fo rmed graphene quantum dots from the oxidant. Original
17. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of enhancing a quantum yield of the graphene quantum dots. Original
20. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of reducing the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
23. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 50 nm. Original
24. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is bituminous coal, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 1 nm to about 5 nm. Original
25. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is anthracite, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 10 nm to about 50 nm. Original
26. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source is coke, and wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have diameters ranging from about 2 nm to about 10 nm. Original
27. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of controlling the diameter of the formed graphene quantum dots. Original
32. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a crystalline hexagonal structure. Original
33. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have a single layer. Original
34. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots have multiple layers. Original
36. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are functionalized with a plurality of functional groups. Original
41. The method of claim 1, wherein the formed graphene quantum dots are utilized in road stickers, road signs, coatings, clothing, paints, photographic processing materials, and combinations thereof. Original
12. Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal
coke
graphene quantum dots
bituminous coal
anthracite
graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs)
graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
b-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 2.96 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter (size distribution) | 5.8 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 1–5 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
a-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 10–50 nm | graphene quantum dots from anthracite (a-GQDs) |
c-GQD diameter range (claimed) | 2–10 nm | graphene quantum dots from coke (c-GQDs) |
b-GQD AFM height range | 1.5–3 nm | graphene quantum dots from bituminous coal (b-GQDs) |
Temperature | 100–150 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 18–40 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–7.5 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–4 nm | — |
Thickness | 4–8 nm | — |
Thickness | 460–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 500–550 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–6 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–3 nm | — |
Thickness | 380–400 nm | — |
Thickness | 310–345 nm | — |
Thickness | 300–400 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
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