Abstract

Semiconductor devices favor high carrier mobility for reduced Joule heating and high thermal conductivity for rapid heat dissipation. The ability to accurately characterize the motion of charge carriers and heat carriers is necessary to improve the performance of electronic devices. However, the conventional approaches of measuring carrier mobility and thermal conductivity require separate and independent measurement techniques. These techniques often involve invasive probing, such as depositing thin metal films on the sample as Ohmic contacts for characterizing electrical transport or as optical transducers for characterizing thermal transport, which becomes more cumbersome as the geometry of the semiconductor devices becomes small and complicated. Here we demonstrate a non-contact frequency-domain pump-probe method that requires no sample pretreatment to simultaneously probe carrier and phonon transport. We find that the optical reflectance depends on both excess carriers and phonons in response to exposure to a modulated continuous-wave pump laser source. By modeling the ambipolar diffusion of photo-induced excess carriers, energy transfer between electrons and phonons, and phonon diffusion, we are able to extract temperature-dependent electrical and thermal transport coefficients in Si, Ge, SiGe and GaAs. The intrinsically weak perturbation from the continuous-wave pump laser avoids invoking the highly nonequilibrium transport regime that may arise when using a pulsed laser and allows for accurate assessment of electrical transport in actual devices. Our approach provides a convenient and accurate platform for the study of the charge transport and energy dissipation in semiconductors.

Abstract

Semiconductor devices favor high carrier mobility for reduced Joule heating and high thermal conductivity for rapid heat dissipation. The ability to accurately characterize the motion of charge carriers and heat carriers is necessary to improve the performance of electronic devices. However, the conventional approaches of measuring carrier mobility and thermal conductivity require separate and independent measurement techniques. These techniques often involve invasive probing, such as depositing thin metal films on the sample as Ohmic contacts for characterizing electrical transport or as optical transducers for characterizing thermal transport, which becomes more cumbersome as the geometry of the semiconductor devices becomes small and complicated. Here we demonstrate a non-contact frequency-domain pump-probe method that requires no sample pretreatment to simultaneously probe carrier and phonon transport. We find that the optical reflectance depends on both excess carriers and phonons in response to exposure to a modulated continuous-wave pump laser source. By modeling the ambipolar diffusion of photo-induced excess carriers, energy transfer between electrons and phonons, and phonon diffusion, we are able to extract temperature-dependent electrical and thermal transport coefficients in Si, Ge, SiGe and GaAs. The intrinsically weak perturbation from the continuous-wave pump laser avoids invoking the highly nonequilibrium transport regime that may arise when using a pulsed laser and allows for accurate assessment of electrical transport in actual devices. Our approach provides a convenient and accurate platform for the study of the charge transport and energy dissipation in semiconductors.

Abstract

Semiconductor devices favor high carrier mobility for reduced Joule heating and high thermal conductivity for rapid heat dissipation. The ability to accurately characterize the motion of charge carriers and heat carriers is necessary to improve the performance of electronic devices. However, the conventional approaches of measuring carrier mobility and thermal conductivity require separate and independent measurement techniques. These techniques often involve invasive probing, such as depositing thin metal films on the sample as Ohmic contacts for characterizing electrical transport or as optical transducers for characterizing thermal transport, which becomes more cumbersome as the geometry of the semiconductor devices becomes small and complicated. Here we demonstrate a non-contact frequency-domain pump-probe method that requires no sample pretreatment to simultaneously probe carrier and phonon transport. We find that the optical reflectance depends on both excess carriers and phonons in response to exposure to a modulated continuous-wave pump laser source. By modeling the ambipolar diffusion of photo-induced excess carriers, energy transfer between electrons and phonons, and phonon diffusion, we are able to extract temperature-dependent electrical and thermal transport coefficients in Si, Ge, SiGe and GaAs. The intrinsically weak perturbation from the continuous-wave pump laser avoids invoking the highly nonequilibrium transport regime that may arise when using a pulsed laser and allows for accurate assessment of electrical transport in actual devices. Our approach provides a convenient and accurate platform for the study of the charge transport and energy dissipation in semiconductors.

Abstract

Semiconductor devices favor high carrier mobility for reduced Joule heating and high thermal conductivity for rapid heat dissipation. The ability to accurately characterize the motion of charge carriers and heat carriers is necessary to improve the performance of electronic devices. However, the conventional approaches of measuring carrier mobility and thermal conductivity require separate and independent measurement techniques. These techniques often involve invasive probing, such as depositing thin metal films on the sample as Ohmic contacts for characterizing electrical transport or as optical transducers for characterizing thermal transport, which becomes more cumbersome as the geometry of the semiconductor devices becomes small and complicated. Here we demonstrate a non-contact frequency-domain pump-probe method that requires no sample pretreatment to simultaneously probe carrier and phonon transport. We find that the optical reflectance depends on both excess carriers and phonons in response to exposure to a modulated continuous-wave pump laser source. By modeling the ambipolar diffusion of photo-induced excess carriers, energy transfer between electrons and phonons, and phonon diffusion, we are able to extract temperature-dependent electrical and thermal transport coefficients in Si, Ge, SiGe and GaAs. The intrinsically weak perturbation from the continuous-wave pump laser avoids invoking the highly nonequilibrium transport regime that may arise when using a pulsed laser and allows for accurate assessment of electrical transport in actual devices. Our approach provides a convenient and accurate platform for the study of the charge transport and energy dissipation in semiconductors.