Patent
US 8,988,079CARBON-BASED ELECTRODES WITH GRAPHENE MODIFICATION
Mikhail Briman, Vikram Joshi
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,988,079Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a drawing depicting a film, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having at least one monolayer of graphene platelet material …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, wherein the top layer is comprised of graphene platelets …
FIGS. 3A-3E are schematic representations of an electrode apparatus and device fabrication process according to certain embodiments of the present invention, …
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
FIG. 5 is a table showing the response of graphene modified electrodes and unmodified electrodes acting as immunological sensors under exposure to thyroid …
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having a multi-layer structure wherein at least one layer of …
FIG. 7 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, comprised of a composite of various materials, one of which …
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a general process, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, that may be used to fabricate carbon-based electrodes …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a sensor electrode; exposing the sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a potential to the sensor electrode; raising the potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the potential to a control potential for a control period of time; and measuring an electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode, wherein a cyclic process of raising the potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode is repeated until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor electrode is carbon-based.
The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode comprises superimposing a sine wave 20 around the control potential for a period of time sufficient to measure the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the sensor electrode comprises depositing a layer of graphene on a carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the sensor electrode.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a first sensor electrode; exposing the first sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a first potential to the first sensor electrode; raising the first potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the first potential to a control potential for a control period of time; measuring a first electrochemical capacitance of the first sensor electrode; and repeating a first cyclic process of raising the first potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the first potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the first electrochemical 21 capacitance of the first sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, further comprising: forming a second sensor electrode; exposing the second sensor electrode to the electrochemically active substance; applying a second potential to the second sensor electrode; raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time; reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time; measuring a second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode; and repeating a second cyclic process of raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to the predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, wherein forming the first sensor electrode comprises depositing a first layer of graphene on a first carbon sensing pad, and wherein forming the second sensor electrode comprises depositing a second layer of graphene on a second carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode. 24
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
carbon-based sensor electrode with graphene modification
Materials described outside the worked examples.
electrochemically active substance
carbon-based electrode material
graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.2–0.5 V | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,988,079Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a drawing depicting a film, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having at least one monolayer of graphene platelet material …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, wherein the top layer is comprised of graphene platelets …
FIGS. 3A-3E are schematic representations of an electrode apparatus and device fabrication process according to certain embodiments of the present invention, …
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
FIG. 5 is a table showing the response of graphene modified electrodes and unmodified electrodes acting as immunological sensors under exposure to thyroid …
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having a multi-layer structure wherein at least one layer of …
FIG. 7 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, comprised of a composite of various materials, one of which …
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a general process, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, that may be used to fabricate carbon-based electrodes …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a sensor electrode; exposing the sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a potential to the sensor electrode; raising the potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the potential to a control potential for a control period of time; and measuring an electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode, wherein a cyclic process of raising the potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode is repeated until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor electrode is carbon-based.
The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode comprises superimposing a sine wave 20 around the control potential for a period of time sufficient to measure the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the sensor electrode comprises depositing a layer of graphene on a carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the sensor electrode.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a first sensor electrode; exposing the first sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a first potential to the first sensor electrode; raising the first potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the first potential to a control potential for a control period of time; measuring a first electrochemical capacitance of the first sensor electrode; and repeating a first cyclic process of raising the first potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the first potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the first electrochemical 21 capacitance of the first sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, further comprising: forming a second sensor electrode; exposing the second sensor electrode to the electrochemically active substance; applying a second potential to the second sensor electrode; raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time; reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time; measuring a second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode; and repeating a second cyclic process of raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to the predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, wherein forming the first sensor electrode comprises depositing a first layer of graphene on a first carbon sensing pad, and wherein forming the second sensor electrode comprises depositing a second layer of graphene on a second carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode. 24
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
carbon-based sensor electrode with graphene modification
Materials described outside the worked examples.
electrochemically active substance
carbon-based electrode material
graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.2–0.5 V | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,988,079Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a drawing depicting a film, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having at least one monolayer of graphene platelet material …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, wherein the top layer is comprised of graphene platelets …
FIGS. 3A-3E are schematic representations of an electrode apparatus and device fabrication process according to certain embodiments of the present invention, …
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
FIG. 5 is a table showing the response of graphene modified electrodes and unmodified electrodes acting as immunological sensors under exposure to thyroid …
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having a multi-layer structure wherein at least one layer of …
FIG. 7 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, comprised of a composite of various materials, one of which …
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a general process, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, that may be used to fabricate carbon-based electrodes …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a sensor electrode; exposing the sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a potential to the sensor electrode; raising the potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the potential to a control potential for a control period of time; and measuring an electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode, wherein a cyclic process of raising the potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode is repeated until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor electrode is carbon-based.
The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode comprises superimposing a sine wave 20 around the control potential for a period of time sufficient to measure the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the sensor electrode comprises depositing a layer of graphene on a carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the sensor electrode.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a first sensor electrode; exposing the first sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a first potential to the first sensor electrode; raising the first potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the first potential to a control potential for a control period of time; measuring a first electrochemical capacitance of the first sensor electrode; and repeating a first cyclic process of raising the first potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the first potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the first electrochemical 21 capacitance of the first sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, further comprising: forming a second sensor electrode; exposing the second sensor electrode to the electrochemically active substance; applying a second potential to the second sensor electrode; raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time; reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time; measuring a second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode; and repeating a second cyclic process of raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to the predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, wherein forming the first sensor electrode comprises depositing a first layer of graphene on a first carbon sensing pad, and wherein forming the second sensor electrode comprises depositing a second layer of graphene on a second carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode. 24
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
carbon-based sensor electrode with graphene modification
Materials described outside the worked examples.
electrochemically active substance
carbon-based electrode material
graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.2–0.5 V | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,988,079Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a drawing depicting a film, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having at least one monolayer of graphene platelet material …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, wherein the top layer is comprised of graphene platelets …
FIGS. 3A-3E are schematic representations of an electrode apparatus and device fabrication process according to certain embodiments of the present invention, …
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
FIG. 5 is a table showing the response of graphene modified electrodes and unmodified electrodes acting as immunological sensors under exposure to thyroid …
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, having a multi-layer structure wherein at least one layer of …
FIG. 7 is a schematic of an electrode, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, comprised of a composite of various materials, one of which …
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a general process, according to certain embodiments of the present invention, that may be used to fabricate carbon-based electrodes …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a sensor electrode; exposing the sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a potential to the sensor electrode; raising the potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the potential to a control potential for a control period of time; and measuring an electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode, wherein a cyclic process of raising the potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode is repeated until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor electrode is carbon-based.
The method of claim 1, wherein measuring the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode comprises superimposing a sine wave 20 around the control potential for a period of time sufficient to measure the electrochemical capacitance of the sensor electrode.
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the sensor electrode comprises depositing a layer of graphene on a carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 1, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the sensor electrode.
A method of fabricating sensor electrodes, comprising: forming a first sensor electrode; exposing the first sensor electrode to an electrochemically active substance; applying a first potential to the first sensor electrode; raising the first potential to an activation potential for an activation period of time; reducing the first potential to a control potential for a control period of time; measuring a first electrochemical capacitance of the first sensor electrode; and repeating a first cyclic process of raising the first potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the first potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the first electrochemical 21 capacitance of the first sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to a predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, further comprising: forming a second sensor electrode; exposing the second sensor electrode to the electrochemically active substance; applying a second potential to the second sensor electrode; raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time; reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time; measuring a second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode; and repeating a second cyclic process of raising the second potential to the activation potential for the activation period of time, reducing the second potential to the control potential for the control period of time, and measuring the second electrochemical capacitance of the second sensor electrode until the electrochemical capacitance is substantially equal to the predefined target value.
The method of claim 11, wherein forming the first sensor electrode comprises depositing a first layer of graphene on a first carbon sensing pad, and wherein forming the second sensor electrode comprises depositing a second layer of graphene on a second carbon sensing pad.
The method of claim 11, further comprising attaching at least one of antibodies and DNA to the first sensor electrode and the second sensor electrode. 24
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
carbon-based sensor electrode with graphene modification
Materials described outside the worked examples.
electrochemically active substance
carbon-based electrode material
graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 is graph of the cyclic voltammetry plots for graphene-modified and bare electrodes under exposure to a tetramethylbenzidine (T MB) based aqueous buffer. …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.2–0.5 V | — |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
antibodies
DNA
graphene platelets
Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)
silver ink
silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) ink
Ag/AgCl
carbon ink
graphene ink in ethanol
GRAPHENE TOUCH SENSOR, METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
antibodies
DNA
graphene platelets
Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)
silver ink
silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) ink
Ag/AgCl
carbon ink
graphene ink in ethanol
GRAPHENE TOUCH SENSOR, METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
antibodies
DNA
graphene platelets
Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)
silver ink
silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) ink
Ag/AgCl
carbon ink
graphene ink in ethanol
GRAPHENE TOUCH SENSOR, METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
antibodies
DNA
graphene platelets
Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)
silver ink
silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) ink
Ag/AgCl
carbon ink
graphene ink in ethanol
GRAPHENE TOUCH SENSOR, METHOD FOR OPERATING SAME, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME