Patent
US 11,572,277Eco-friendly Production of Graphene
Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,572,277Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C in a substantially non- oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein said pulp is selected from brown pulp, dissolving pulp, fluff pulp, market pulp, mechanical pulp, unbleached pulp, or a combination thereof, wherein said pulp is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said pulp contains a post-consumer, reclaimed, or recycled product. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,000 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said pulp to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 0 C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,400 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said heat treatment chamber has a structure being composed of a high-temperature refractory material selected from graphite, tungsten, tungsten carbide, zirconia, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum, tantalum oxide, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product contains at least 90% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating or recovering graphene from non-graphene carbon residue in said graphene material product. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material contains at least 90% sin gle-l ayer or few-layer graphene sheets. Previously presented
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, paper, or paper product, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp, paper, or paper product to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein the pulp, paper, or paper product is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
A method of producing graphene from a wood product or wood ingredient, not including a paper or paper product obtained from wood, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for converting said product to a graphene material product, wherein said wood ingredient is selected from purified cotton, an wood extractive, a cellulose derivative, rosin, alum, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with wood pulp, wherein said cellulose derivative is selected from cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate), cellulose sulfate, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, or a combination thereo. Currently amended
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,200 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said wood product or wood ingredient is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphene material is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pulp
carbonization promoter or flame retardant
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.34–3.4 nm |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,572,277Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C in a substantially non- oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein said pulp is selected from brown pulp, dissolving pulp, fluff pulp, market pulp, mechanical pulp, unbleached pulp, or a combination thereof, wherein said pulp is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said pulp contains a post-consumer, reclaimed, or recycled product. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,000 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said pulp to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 0 C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,400 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said heat treatment chamber has a structure being composed of a high-temperature refractory material selected from graphite, tungsten, tungsten carbide, zirconia, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum, tantalum oxide, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product contains at least 90% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating or recovering graphene from non-graphene carbon residue in said graphene material product. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material contains at least 90% sin gle-l ayer or few-layer graphene sheets. Previously presented
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, paper, or paper product, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp, paper, or paper product to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein the pulp, paper, or paper product is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
A method of producing graphene from a wood product or wood ingredient, not including a paper or paper product obtained from wood, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for converting said product to a graphene material product, wherein said wood ingredient is selected from purified cotton, an wood extractive, a cellulose derivative, rosin, alum, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with wood pulp, wherein said cellulose derivative is selected from cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate), cellulose sulfate, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, or a combination thereo. Currently amended
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,200 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said wood product or wood ingredient is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphene material is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pulp
carbonization promoter or flame retardant
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.34–3.4 nm |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,572,277Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C in a substantially non- oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein said pulp is selected from brown pulp, dissolving pulp, fluff pulp, market pulp, mechanical pulp, unbleached pulp, or a combination thereof, wherein said pulp is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said pulp contains a post-consumer, reclaimed, or recycled product. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,000 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said pulp to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 0 C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,400 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said heat treatment chamber has a structure being composed of a high-temperature refractory material selected from graphite, tungsten, tungsten carbide, zirconia, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum, tantalum oxide, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product contains at least 90% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating or recovering graphene from non-graphene carbon residue in said graphene material product. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material contains at least 90% sin gle-l ayer or few-layer graphene sheets. Previously presented
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, paper, or paper product, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp, paper, or paper product to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein the pulp, paper, or paper product is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
A method of producing graphene from a wood product or wood ingredient, not including a paper or paper product obtained from wood, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for converting said product to a graphene material product, wherein said wood ingredient is selected from purified cotton, an wood extractive, a cellulose derivative, rosin, alum, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with wood pulp, wherein said cellulose derivative is selected from cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate), cellulose sulfate, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, or a combination thereo. Currently amended
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,200 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said wood product or wood ingredient is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphene material is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pulp
carbonization promoter or flame retardant
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.34–3.4 nm |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,572,277Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C in a substantially non- oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein said pulp is selected from brown pulp, dissolving pulp, fluff pulp, market pulp, mechanical pulp, unbleached pulp, or a combination thereof, wherein said pulp is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said pulp contains a post-consumer, reclaimed, or recycled product. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,000 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 0 C. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said pulp to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 0 C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 0 C to 3,400 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said procedure of subjecting said pulp to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said pulp in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,400 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein said heat treatment chamber has a structure being composed of a high-temperature refractory material selected from graphite, tungsten, tungsten carbide, zirconia, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum, tantalum oxide, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material product contains at least 90% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets. Original
The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of separating or recovering graphene from non-graphene carbon residue in said graphene material product. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene material contains at least 90% sin gle-l ayer or few-layer graphene sheets. Previously presented
A method of producing graphene from a pulp, paper, or paper product, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said pulp, paper, or paper product to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for forming a graphene material product, wherein the pulp, paper, or paper product is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
A method of producing graphene from a wood product or wood ingredient, not including a paper or paper product obtained from wood, said method comprising a procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 ° C in a substantially non-oxidizing environment for a length of time sufficient for converting said product to a graphene material product, wherein said wood ingredient is selected from purified cotton, an wood extractive, a cellulose derivative, rosin, alum, a combination thereof, or a combination thereof with wood pulp, wherein said cellulose derivative is selected from cellulose triacetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate), cellulose sulfate, alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, or a combination thereo. Currently amended
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,500 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphitization temperature is greater than 2,800 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,400 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said wood product or wood ingredient to an initial temperature lower than 1,500 ° C, which is then increased to a temperature in the range of 1,500 ° C to 3,200 °C. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said procedure of subjecting said wood product or wood ingredient to a graphitization treatment includes (a) positioning said wood product or wood ingredient in a heat treatment chamber and exposing said product to a first treatment temperature selected from the range of 200 ° C to 500 ° C for a first period of time to form a first intermediate product; (b) further heat-treating the first intermediate product at a second temperature selected from the range of 700 ° C to 1,500 ° C for a second period of time to form a second intermediate product; and (c) subjecting said second intermediate product to a final graphitization treatment at a graphitization temperature selected from the range of 2,000 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said non-oxidizing environment includes nitrogen, hydrogen, a noble gas, or a combination thereof. Original
The method of claim 19, wherein said wood product or wood ingredient is mixed with a carbonization promoter or flame retardant selected from the group consisting of nitrogenous salts of acids, acids, acid salts, metal halides, derivatives of phosphoric acid, chlorosilanes, and combinations thereof, prior to being heat treated. Previously presented
The method of claim 19, wherein said graphene material is in a powder form containing at least 80% single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets, wherein few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene sheet having 2 to 10 graphene planes stacked together. Original
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
pulp
carbonization promoter or flame retardant
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.2 A TEM image of graphene sheets produced from post-consumer paperboard.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.34–3.4 nm |
paper product
graphene
wood product or wood ingredient
| — |
Temperature | 1500–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–600 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Temperature | 200–500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 5–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1100 °C | — |
Temperature | 950–1050 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–50 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 0.5 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2800 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–1500 °C | — |
paper product
graphene
wood product or wood ingredient
| — |
Temperature | 1500–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–600 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Temperature | 200–500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 5–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1100 °C | — |
Temperature | 950–1050 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–50 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 0.5 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2800 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–1500 °C | — |
paper product
graphene
wood product or wood ingredient
| — |
Temperature | 1500–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–600 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Temperature | 200–500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 5–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1100 °C | — |
Temperature | 950–1050 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–50 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 0.5 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2800 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–1500 °C | — |
paper product
graphene
wood product or wood ingredient
| — |
Temperature | 1500–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–600 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 2500–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Temperature | 200–500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 5–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 800–1100 °C | — |
Temperature | 950–1050 °C | — |
Thickness | 50–500 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–50 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 0.5 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2000 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2800 °C | — |
Temperature | 2000–3400 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–1500 °C | — |