Patent
US 9,017,474FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Andre Geim, Rahul Raveendran-Nair, Kostya Novoselov
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,017,474Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
canceled
[[A]] The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 1 8, wherein the sheet includes a monolayer of carbon atoms.
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A fluorographene-polymer composite comprising a polymer and a fluorogr a phene, wherein the fluorographene comprises a sheet formed from a lattice of carbon atoms, wherein at least % of the carbon atoms in the lattice are bound to one fluorine atom BOS 47491409 v Response Advisory Action and Request For Continued Examination U.S. Application No. 13/158,064 Attorney Docket No. 053729-010300/US Page 3 of 8 each. currently amended
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the fluorographene has less than 10% defects in the form of intrinsic defects.
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the polymer is a fluoropolymer.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
1 material
Small area XPS measurements (ca. 110 μm × 110 μm analysis area) were performed on multiple fluorographene-containing samples (FGP005, FGP015, FGP016, FGP017, FGP019, FGP020, FGM8, FGM9, FGM₁₄). Spectra were recorded from three points on each specimen to quantify relative surface composition (C:F ratio). High-resolution C1s and F1s spectra were recorded to identify C-C, C-F, C-F2, and CF₃ functionality. The C:F ratios ranged from 1.06 to 1.72 across samples.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymer
fluoropolymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP005) | 1.16 dimensionless | CF |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,017,474Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
canceled
[[A]] The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 1 8, wherein the sheet includes a monolayer of carbon atoms.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A fluorographene-polymer composite comprising a polymer and a fluorogr a phene, wherein the fluorographene comprises a sheet formed from a lattice of carbon atoms, wherein at least % of the carbon atoms in the lattice are bound to one fluorine atom BOS 47491409 v Response Advisory Action and Request For Continued Examination U.S. Application No. 13/158,064 Attorney Docket No. 053729-010300/US Page 3 of 8 each. currently amended
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the fluorographene has less than 10% defects in the form of intrinsic defects.
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the polymer is a fluoropolymer.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
1 material
Small area XPS measurements (ca. 110 μm × 110 μm analysis area) were performed on multiple fluorographene-containing samples (FGP005, FGP015, FGP016, FGP017, FGP019, FGP020, FGM8, FGM9, FGM₁₄). Spectra were recorded from three points on each specimen to quantify relative surface composition (C:F ratio). High-resolution C1s and F1s spectra were recorded to identify C-C, C-F, C-F2, and CF₃ functionality. The C:F ratios ranged from 1.06 to 1.72 across samples.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymer
fluoropolymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP005) | 1.16 dimensionless | CF |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,017,474Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
canceled
[[A]] The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 1 8, wherein the sheet includes a monolayer of carbon atoms.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A fluorographene-polymer composite comprising a polymer and a fluorogr a phene, wherein the fluorographene comprises a sheet formed from a lattice of carbon atoms, wherein at least % of the carbon atoms in the lattice are bound to one fluorine atom BOS 47491409 v Response Advisory Action and Request For Continued Examination U.S. Application No. 13/158,064 Attorney Docket No. 053729-010300/US Page 3 of 8 each. currently amended
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the fluorographene has less than 10% defects in the form of intrinsic defects.
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the polymer is a fluoropolymer.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
1 material
Small area XPS measurements (ca. 110 μm × 110 μm analysis area) were performed on multiple fluorographene-containing samples (FGP005, FGP015, FGP016, FGP017, FGP019, FGP020, FGM8, FGM9, FGM₁₄). Spectra were recorded from three points on each specimen to quantify relative surface composition (C:F ratio). High-resolution C1s and F1s spectra were recorded to identify C-C, C-F, C-F2, and CF₃ functionality. The C:F ratios ranged from 1.06 to 1.72 across samples.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymer
fluoropolymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP005) | 1.16 dimensionless | CF |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,017,474Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
canceled
[[A]] The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 1 8, wherein the sheet includes a monolayer of carbon atoms.
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
canceled
A fluorographene-polymer composite comprising a polymer and a fluorogr a phene, wherein the fluorographene comprises a sheet formed from a lattice of carbon atoms, wherein at least % of the carbon atoms in the lattice are bound to one fluorine atom BOS 47491409 v Response Advisory Action and Request For Continued Examination U.S. Application No. 13/158,064 Attorney Docket No. 053729-010300/US Page 3 of 8 each. currently amended
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the fluorographene has less than 10% defects in the form of intrinsic defects.
The fluorographene-polymer composite of claim 18, wherein the polymer is a fluoropolymer.
canceled
canceled
canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
1 material
Small area XPS measurements (ca. 110 μm × 110 μm analysis area) were performed on multiple fluorographene-containing samples (FGP005, FGP015, FGP016, FGP017, FGP019, FGP020, FGM8, FGM9, FGM₁₄). Spectra were recorded from three points on each specimen to quantify relative surface composition (C:F ratio). High-resolution C1s and F1s spectra were recorded to identify C-C, C-F, C-F2, and CF₃ functionality. The C:F ratios ranged from 1.06 to 1.72 across samples.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
polymer
fluoropolymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP005) | 1.16 dimensionless | CF |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
polytetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether
copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene
poly(vinylidene fluoride)
copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoromethylvinylether
terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride
| 1.06 dimensionless |
CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP016) | 1.65 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP017) | 1.72 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP019) | 1.45 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP020) | 1.44 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM8) | 1.48 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM9) | 1.28 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM14) | 1.31 dimensionless | CF |
Thickness | 0.1–1 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 50 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4 K | — |
Pressure | 5–150 bar | — |
Pressure | 1–10 bar | — |
Temperature | 215–270 °C | — |
Duration | 1–168 hours | — |
Duration | 8–48 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–18 hours | — |
Duration | 1–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–168 hours | — |
Temperature | 0–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–70 °C | — |
Pressure | 10–100 bar | — |
Pressure | 50–100 bar | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 70–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Temperature | 190–240 °C | — |
— | ≤ 3 eV | — |
— | ≤ 2.5 eV | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 168 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 720 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 9000 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 100000 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 260 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
METHOD OF PREPARING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT, HARDMASK COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT OBTAINED BY THE METHOD, METHOD OF FORMING PATTERNS USING THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION, AND HARDMASK FORMED FROM THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION
polytetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether
copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene
poly(vinylidene fluoride)
copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoromethylvinylether
terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride
| 1.06 dimensionless |
CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP016) | 1.65 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP017) | 1.72 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP019) | 1.45 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP020) | 1.44 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM8) | 1.48 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM9) | 1.28 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM14) | 1.31 dimensionless | CF |
Thickness | 0.1–1 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 50 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4 K | — |
Pressure | 5–150 bar | — |
Pressure | 1–10 bar | — |
Temperature | 215–270 °C | — |
Duration | 1–168 hours | — |
Duration | 8–48 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–18 hours | — |
Duration | 1–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–168 hours | — |
Temperature | 0–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–70 °C | — |
Pressure | 10–100 bar | — |
Pressure | 50–100 bar | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 70–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Temperature | 190–240 °C | — |
— | ≤ 3 eV | — |
— | ≤ 2.5 eV | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 168 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 720 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 9000 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 100000 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 260 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
METHOD OF PREPARING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT, HARDMASK COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT OBTAINED BY THE METHOD, METHOD OF FORMING PATTERNS USING THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION, AND HARDMASK FORMED FROM THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION
polytetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether
copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene
poly(vinylidene fluoride)
copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoromethylvinylether
terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride
| 1.06 dimensionless |
CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP016) | 1.65 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP017) | 1.72 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP019) | 1.45 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP020) | 1.44 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM8) | 1.48 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM9) | 1.28 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM14) | 1.31 dimensionless | CF |
Thickness | 0.1–1 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 50 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4 K | — |
Pressure | 5–150 bar | — |
Pressure | 1–10 bar | — |
Temperature | 215–270 °C | — |
Duration | 1–168 hours | — |
Duration | 8–48 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–18 hours | — |
Duration | 1–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–168 hours | — |
Temperature | 0–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–70 °C | — |
Pressure | 10–100 bar | — |
Pressure | 50–100 bar | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 70–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Temperature | 190–240 °C | — |
— | ≤ 3 eV | — |
— | ≤ 2.5 eV | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 168 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 720 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 9000 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 100000 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 260 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
METHOD OF PREPARING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT, HARDMASK COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT OBTAINED BY THE METHOD, METHOD OF FORMING PATTERNS USING THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION, AND HARDMASK FORMED FROM THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION
polytetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluorinated vinyl ether
copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene
copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethylene
poly(vinylidene fluoride)
copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene
copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoromethylvinylether
terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and vinylidene fluoride
| 1.06 dimensionless |
CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP016) | 1.65 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP017) | 1.72 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP019) | 1.45 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGP020) | 1.44 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM8) | 1.48 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM9) | 1.28 dimensionless | CF |
C:F ratio (XPS, sample FGM14) | 1.31 dimensionless | CF |
Thickness | 0.1–1 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Temperature | ≤ 50 K | — |
Temperature | ≥ 4 K | — |
Pressure | 5–150 bar | — |
Pressure | 1–10 bar | — |
Temperature | 215–270 °C | — |
Duration | 1–168 hours | — |
Duration | 8–48 hours | — |
Duration | 12–36 hours | — |
Duration | 12–24 hours | — |
Duration | 12–18 hours | — |
Duration | 1–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–168 hours | — |
Temperature | 0–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 0–70 °C | — |
Pressure | 10–100 bar | — |
Pressure | 50–100 bar | — |
Thickness | 1–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 70–200 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–450 °C | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Duration | 20–24 hours | — |
Temperature | 190–240 °C | — |
— | ≤ 3 eV | — |
— | ≤ 2.5 eV | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 168 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 720 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 9000 hours | — |
Duration | ≥ 100000 hours | — |
Temperature | ≥ 1 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 150 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 260 °C | — |
Thickness | 3–5 nm | — |
METHOD OF PREPARING GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT, HARDMASK COMPOSITION INCLUDING THE GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOT OBTAINED BY THE METHOD, METHOD OF FORMING PATTERNS USING THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION, AND HARDMASK FORMED FROM THE HARDMASK COMPOSITION