Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. The resulting powder had an O/C element ratio of 0.41 and N/C ratio of 0.006 by XPS; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 6%. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁻⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; electrical conductivity of graphene powder after reduction was 6.81×10² S/m. XPS: O/C = 0.23, N/C = 0.013; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 17%. Dispersibility: stably dispersed after 30 days, no sedimentation. Discharge capacity of LIB electrode: 129 mAh/g.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). XPS: O/C = 0.42. Thermal desorption GC-MS: weight ratio of catechol in graphene powder was 13%. Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. (Text truncated in source.)

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. The resulting powder had an O/C element ratio of 0.41 and N/C ratio of 0.006 by XPS; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 6%. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁻⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; electrical conductivity of graphene powder after reduction was 6.81×10² S/m. XPS: O/C = 0.23, N/C = 0.013; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 17%. Dispersibility: stably dispersed after 30 days, no sedimentation. Discharge capacity of LIB electrode: 129 mAh/g.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). XPS: O/C = 0.42. Thermal desorption GC-MS: weight ratio of catechol in graphene powder was 13%. Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. (Text truncated in source.)

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. The resulting powder had an O/C element ratio of 0.41 and N/C ratio of 0.006 by XPS; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 6%. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁻⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; electrical conductivity of graphene powder after reduction was 6.81×10² S/m. XPS: O/C = 0.23, N/C = 0.013; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 17%. Dispersibility: stably dispersed after 30 days, no sedimentation. Discharge capacity of LIB electrode: 129 mAh/g.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). XPS: O/C = 0.42. Thermal desorption GC-MS: weight ratio of catechol in graphene powder was 13%. Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. (Text truncated in source.)

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. The resulting powder had an O/C element ratio of 0.41 and N/C ratio of 0.006 by XPS; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 6%. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁻⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g dopamine hydrochloride to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; electrical conductivity of graphene powder after reduction was 6.81×10² S/m. XPS: O/C = 0.23, N/C = 0.013; weight ratio of dopamine hydrochloride to graphene calculated to be 17%. Dispersibility: stably dispersed after 30 days, no sedimentation. Discharge capacity of LIB electrode: 129 mAh/g.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 40°C for 30 minutes with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. Electrical conductivity of graphite oxide before reduction was 8.70×10⁴ S/m; the powder after reduction showed little increase in conductivity (insulating). XPS: O/C = 0.42. Thermal desorption GC-MS: weight ratio of catechol in graphene powder was 13%. Dispersibility and battery electrode measurements were deemed meaningless.

Graphene powder prepared by adding 3 g catechol to 200 ml graphite oxide dispersion, reacting at 100°C for 24 hours with mechanical stirring, filtering, washing, and freeze-drying. (Text truncated in source.)