Patent
US 10,248,038GRAPHENE-CONTAINING TONERS AND RELATED METHODS
Yu Qi
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,248,038Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in the form of graphene nanoplatelets.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the amorphous polyester resin is a first amorphous polyester resin and the core further comprises a second amorphous polyester resin.
The toner of claim 1, further comprising a wax.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner is free of a colorant.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature which is at least 10 0 C lower than a comparative toner which is the same as the toner except that the comparative toner does not comprise graphene.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature of no more than about 130 0 C.
A method of making the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising a graphene dispersion, a first emulsion comprising the crystalline polyester resin, a second emulsion comprising the amorphous polyester resin, and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming the shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form the graphene-containing toner.
A method of using the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming an image comprising the graphene-containing toner using a xerographic printer; transferring the image comprising the graphene-containing toner to an image receiving medium; and fusing the graphene-containing toner to the image receiving medium.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene nanoplatelets, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core, wherein the graphene nanoplatelets are homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner, and further wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-containing toner (core-shell particle)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
crystalline polyester resin
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene loading in toner (upper limit) | ≤ 10 wt% | graphene |
average thickness of graphene nanoplatelets | 6–8 nm |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,248,038Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in the form of graphene nanoplatelets.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the amorphous polyester resin is a first amorphous polyester resin and the core further comprises a second amorphous polyester resin.
The toner of claim 1, further comprising a wax.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner is free of a colorant.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature which is at least 10 0 C lower than a comparative toner which is the same as the toner except that the comparative toner does not comprise graphene.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature of no more than about 130 0 C.
A method of making the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising a graphene dispersion, a first emulsion comprising the crystalline polyester resin, a second emulsion comprising the amorphous polyester resin, and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming the shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form the graphene-containing toner.
A method of using the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming an image comprising the graphene-containing toner using a xerographic printer; transferring the image comprising the graphene-containing toner to an image receiving medium; and fusing the graphene-containing toner to the image receiving medium.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene nanoplatelets, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core, wherein the graphene nanoplatelets are homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner, and further wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-containing toner (core-shell particle)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
crystalline polyester resin
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene loading in toner (upper limit) | ≤ 10 wt% | graphene |
average thickness of graphene nanoplatelets | 6–8 nm |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,248,038Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in the form of graphene nanoplatelets.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the amorphous polyester resin is a first amorphous polyester resin and the core further comprises a second amorphous polyester resin.
The toner of claim 1, further comprising a wax.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner is free of a colorant.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature which is at least 10 0 C lower than a comparative toner which is the same as the toner except that the comparative toner does not comprise graphene.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature of no more than about 130 0 C.
A method of making the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising a graphene dispersion, a first emulsion comprising the crystalline polyester resin, a second emulsion comprising the amorphous polyester resin, and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming the shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form the graphene-containing toner.
A method of using the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming an image comprising the graphene-containing toner using a xerographic printer; transferring the image comprising the graphene-containing toner to an image receiving medium; and fusing the graphene-containing toner to the image receiving medium.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene nanoplatelets, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core, wherein the graphene nanoplatelets are homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner, and further wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-containing toner (core-shell particle)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
crystalline polyester resin
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene loading in toner (upper limit) | ≤ 10 wt% | graphene |
average thickness of graphene nanoplatelets | 6–8 nm |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,248,038Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in the form of graphene nanoplatelets.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the amorphous polyester resin is a first amorphous polyester resin and the core further comprises a second amorphous polyester resin.
The toner of claim 1, further comprising a wax.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner is free of a colorant.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature which is at least 10 0 C lower than a comparative toner which is the same as the toner except that the comparative toner does not comprise graphene.
The toner of claim 1, wherein the toner, inclusive of external surface additives, exhibits a minimum fusing temperature of no more than about 130 0 C.
A method of making the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising a graphene dispersion, a first emulsion comprising the crystalline polyester resin, a second emulsion comprising the amorphous polyester resin, and optionally, a wax dispersion; aggregating the mixture to form particles of a predetermined size; forming the shell over the particles of the predetermined size to form core-shell particles; and coalescing the core-shell particles to form the graphene-containing toner.
A method of using the graphene-containing toner of claim 1, the method comprising: forming an image comprising the graphene-containing toner using a xerographic printer; transferring the image comprising the graphene-containing toner to an image receiving medium; and fusing the graphene-containing toner to the image receiving medium.
A graphene-containing toner comprising a core comprising graphene nanoplatelets, a crystalline polyester resin, and an amorphous polyester resin, the toner further comprising a shell over the core, wherein the graphene nanoplatelets are homogeneously distributed within the core and completely encapsulated within the toner, and further wherein the graphene is present in the toner at an amount of no more than about 10 % by weight.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-containing toner (core-shell particle)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
crystalline polyester resin
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 shows a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an illustrative graphene- containing toner.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
graphene loading in toner (upper limit) | ≤ 10 wt% | graphene |
average thickness of graphene nanoplatelets | 6–8 nm |
graphene nanoplatelets
second amorphous polyester resin
poly(1,6-hexylene-1,12-dodecanoate)
poly(propoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthlate-fumarate-dodecenylsuccinate)
poly(propoxylated-ethoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-dodecenylsuccinate-trimellitic anhydride)
wax
graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter)
average diameter of graphene nanoplatelets | 0.5–5 µm | graphene nanoplatelets |
average surface area of graphene nanoplatelets (0.5–5 µm diameter variant) | 120–150 m²/g | graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter) |
MFT reduction vs. graphene-free comparative toner | ≥ 10 °C | — |
minimum fusing temperature (upper limit) | ≤ 130 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 40 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Temperature | 180–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 300–36000 s | — |
Duration | 600–18000 s | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 100–300 nm | — |
Duration | 1–9 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
graphene nanoplatelets
second amorphous polyester resin
poly(1,6-hexylene-1,12-dodecanoate)
poly(propoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthlate-fumarate-dodecenylsuccinate)
poly(propoxylated-ethoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-dodecenylsuccinate-trimellitic anhydride)
wax
graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter)
average diameter of graphene nanoplatelets | 0.5–5 µm | graphene nanoplatelets |
average surface area of graphene nanoplatelets (0.5–5 µm diameter variant) | 120–150 m²/g | graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter) |
MFT reduction vs. graphene-free comparative toner | ≥ 10 °C | — |
minimum fusing temperature (upper limit) | ≤ 130 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 40 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Temperature | 180–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 300–36000 s | — |
Duration | 600–18000 s | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 100–300 nm | — |
Duration | 1–9 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
graphene nanoplatelets
second amorphous polyester resin
poly(1,6-hexylene-1,12-dodecanoate)
poly(propoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthlate-fumarate-dodecenylsuccinate)
poly(propoxylated-ethoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-dodecenylsuccinate-trimellitic anhydride)
wax
graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter)
average diameter of graphene nanoplatelets | 0.5–5 µm | graphene nanoplatelets |
average surface area of graphene nanoplatelets (0.5–5 µm diameter variant) | 120–150 m²/g | graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter) |
MFT reduction vs. graphene-free comparative toner | ≥ 10 °C | — |
minimum fusing temperature (upper limit) | ≤ 130 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 40 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Temperature | 180–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 300–36000 s | — |
Duration | 600–18000 s | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 100–300 nm | — |
Duration | 1–9 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
graphene nanoplatelets
second amorphous polyester resin
poly(1,6-hexylene-1,12-dodecanoate)
poly(propoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthlate-fumarate-dodecenylsuccinate)
poly(propoxylated-ethoxylated bisphenol-co-terephthalate-dodecenylsuccinate-trimellitic anhydride)
wax
graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter)
average diameter of graphene nanoplatelets | 0.5–5 µm | graphene nanoplatelets |
average surface area of graphene nanoplatelets (0.5–5 µm diameter variant) | 120–150 m²/g | graphene nanoplatelets (6–8 nm thick, 0.5–5 µm diameter) |
MFT reduction vs. graphene-free comparative toner | ≥ 10 °C | — |
minimum fusing temperature (upper limit) | ≤ 130 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 40 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Temperature | 180–230 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–6 hours | — |
Duration | 300–36000 s | — |
Duration | 600–18000 s | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Duration | 2–4 hours | — |
Thickness | 100–300 nm | — |
Duration | 1–9 hours | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |