FIG. 1. As show ' n, the e xemp lary grap hite -b ased struct u re 100 inclu des a plu ralit y of ele ments such as 104-i, 1 04-2 and a plurality of trenches …

FIG. 2C. As sho wn, element 1 04-2 in cludes a loxw' er portio n f orm ed b y etchi ng and an u pper po rti on form ed by de po siti o n. Such an element can b …

FIG. 3 illustr ates an exemplary grap hene de vice topography fabr icated b y exe mplary methods and having co nti nuous orthogon al projections o n a common …

FIG. 4B ill ustrates add iti o nal surfac e area a chiev ed by a n exe mplary graphene device topography having overlapping orthogon al projections on a common …

FIG. 5C ill ustrates y et anoth er al ternativ e exe mplary graphen e de vice topography fabric ate d by exe mplary methods i n a ccordance wth an e mbodiment …

FIG. 6. Fo r e xamp le,

FIG. 7 also includes an additional or optional step 540, in which a selected surface or surfaces of the topography are p assi vate d. The p assi v ati on step …

FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, doping the substrate with carbon compnises ion imp lantati on to th e en tire su rfa ce 204-1 of the element 104-1 o r t he e …

FIG. 9B. Sin ce t h e side wal ls, s uch as s i de wal ls 208-1 and 208 -2, are pro tected by the pro tecti on layers, s uch as pro tecti on laye rs 902-1 and …

FIG. 10 illustrates anoth er exemplary method for pass ivati ng a s elected surface of a defined topography in accordance wit h a n embodirnent of the present …

FIG. 11 i ill ust r ativ e. Depending on the appiication, t he substrate materials, or 23 o ther facto rs, the a dditi onal or optio nal pro cesses e mployed …

FIG. 12B, th e graphen e l ay er 302-1 is d op ed w ith a f i rst dopan t, fo r e xamp le by ion implan tati on, there by forming a first d oped sub-lay er 1202 …

FIG. 14 illustrates anoth er exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 10

FIG. 15 illustrates yet another exemp lary grapbiene devic e t opography in accordance with an embodiment of the present d isc losu re. [0043]

FIG. 16 illustrates still another exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [0044]

FIG. 17 illustrates a first orthogonal pr ojec'tion of a first surface and a second orthogon al projection of a se cond surfa ce onto a common plane i n a …

FIG. 53 illustra tes an ot her alte rn ati v e exe mplary grap hene d evic e t opography fabric ated by e xemplary methods in accordance with an embodiment of …

FIG. 101B, the ox idati o n l ayers grown on the surfaces of the elem ents, suc'h as surfaces 204-1 a nd 204-2, and on the surfa ces of the trenches, s uch as …

FIG. 133 depicts the third portio n 130 6 adjacent t o th e seco nd po rti o n 1 304 as an examp le. The third portio n 130 6 h as the f irs t carri ers as the …

FIG. 413 pr o vides t he comb ina tion of the fi rst s urface and the se co nd s u rfac e that e qu als W₁ + W2. Prior to the p atte r nin g, the surfa c e ar e …

FIG. 1. As show ' n, the e xemp lary grap hite -b ased struct u re 100 inclu des a plu ralit y of ele ments such as 104-i, 1 04-2 and a plurality of trenches …

FIG. 2C. As sho wn, element 1 04-2 in cludes a loxw' er portio n f orm ed b y etchi ng and an u pper po rti on form ed by de po siti o n. Such an element can b …

FIG. 3 illustr ates an exemplary grap hene de vice topography fabr icated b y exe mplary methods and having co nti nuous orthogon al projections o n a common …

FIG. 4B ill ustrates add iti o nal surfac e area a chiev ed by a n exe mplary graphene device topography having overlapping orthogon al projections on a common …

FIG. 5C ill ustrates y et anoth er al ternativ e exe mplary graphen e de vice topography fabric ate d by exe mplary methods i n a ccordance wth an e mbodiment …

FIG. 6. Fo r e xamp le,

FIG. 7 also includes an additional or optional step 540, in which a selected surface or surfaces of the topography are p assi vate d. The p assi v ati on step …

FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, doping the substrate with carbon compnises ion imp lantati on to th e en tire su rfa ce 204-1 of the element 104-1 o r t he e …

FIG. 9B. Sin ce t h e side wal ls, s uch as s i de wal ls 208-1 and 208 -2, are pro tected by the pro tecti on layers, s uch as pro tecti on laye rs 902-1 and …

FIG. 10 illustrates anoth er exemplary method for pass ivati ng a s elected surface of a defined topography in accordance wit h a n embodirnent of the present …

FIG. 11 i ill ust r ativ e. Depending on the appiication, t he substrate materials, or 23 o ther facto rs, the a dditi onal or optio nal pro cesses e mployed …

FIG. 12B, th e graphen e l ay er 302-1 is d op ed w ith a f i rst dopan t, fo r e xamp le by ion implan tati on, there by forming a first d oped sub-lay er 1202 …

FIG. 14 illustrates anoth er exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 10

FIG. 15 illustrates yet another exemp lary grapbiene devic e t opography in accordance with an embodiment of the present d isc losu re. [0043]

FIG. 16 illustrates still another exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [0044]

FIG. 17 illustrates a first orthogonal pr ojec'tion of a first surface and a second orthogon al projection of a se cond surfa ce onto a common plane i n a …

FIG. 53 illustra tes an ot her alte rn ati v e exe mplary grap hene d evic e t opography fabric ated by e xemplary methods in accordance with an embodiment of …

FIG. 101B, the ox idati o n l ayers grown on the surfaces of the elem ents, suc'h as surfaces 204-1 a nd 204-2, and on the surfa ces of the trenches, s uch as …

FIG. 133 depicts the third portio n 130 6 adjacent t o th e seco nd po rti o n 1 304 as an examp le. The third portio n 130 6 h as the f irs t carri ers as the …

FIG. 413 pr o vides t he comb ina tion of the fi rst s urface and the se co nd s u rfac e that e qu als W₁ + W2. Prior to the p atte r nin g, the surfa c e ar e …

FIG. 1. As show ' n, the e xemp lary grap hite -b ased struct u re 100 inclu des a plu ralit y of ele ments such as 104-i, 1 04-2 and a plurality of trenches …

FIG. 2C. As sho wn, element 1 04-2 in cludes a loxw' er portio n f orm ed b y etchi ng and an u pper po rti on form ed by de po siti o n. Such an element can b …

FIG. 3 illustr ates an exemplary grap hene de vice topography fabr icated b y exe mplary methods and having co nti nuous orthogon al projections o n a common …

FIG. 4B ill ustrates add iti o nal surfac e area a chiev ed by a n exe mplary graphene device topography having overlapping orthogon al projections on a common …

FIG. 5C ill ustrates y et anoth er al ternativ e exe mplary graphen e de vice topography fabric ate d by exe mplary methods i n a ccordance wth an e mbodiment …

FIG. 6. Fo r e xamp le,

FIG. 7 also includes an additional or optional step 540, in which a selected surface or surfaces of the topography are p assi vate d. The p assi v ati on step …

FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, doping the substrate with carbon compnises ion imp lantati on to th e en tire su rfa ce 204-1 of the element 104-1 o r t he e …

FIG. 9B. Sin ce t h e side wal ls, s uch as s i de wal ls 208-1 and 208 -2, are pro tected by the pro tecti on layers, s uch as pro tecti on laye rs 902-1 and …

FIG. 10 illustrates anoth er exemplary method for pass ivati ng a s elected surface of a defined topography in accordance wit h a n embodirnent of the present …

FIG. 11 i ill ust r ativ e. Depending on the appiication, t he substrate materials, or 23 o ther facto rs, the a dditi onal or optio nal pro cesses e mployed …

FIG. 12B, th e graphen e l ay er 302-1 is d op ed w ith a f i rst dopan t, fo r e xamp le by ion implan tati on, there by forming a first d oped sub-lay er 1202 …

FIG. 14 illustrates anoth er exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 10

FIG. 15 illustrates yet another exemp lary grapbiene devic e t opography in accordance with an embodiment of the present d isc losu re. [0043]

FIG. 16 illustrates still another exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [0044]

FIG. 17 illustrates a first orthogonal pr ojec'tion of a first surface and a second orthogon al projection of a se cond surfa ce onto a common plane i n a …

FIG. 53 illustra tes an ot her alte rn ati v e exe mplary grap hene d evic e t opography fabric ated by e xemplary methods in accordance with an embodiment of …

FIG. 101B, the ox idati o n l ayers grown on the surfaces of the elem ents, suc'h as surfaces 204-1 a nd 204-2, and on the surfa ces of the trenches, s uch as …

FIG. 133 depicts the third portio n 130 6 adjacent t o th e seco nd po rti o n 1 304 as an examp le. The third portio n 130 6 h as the f irs t carri ers as the …

FIG. 413 pr o vides t he comb ina tion of the fi rst s urface and the se co nd s u rfac e that e qu als W₁ + W2. Prior to the p atte r nin g, the surfa c e ar e …

FIG. 1. As show ' n, the e xemp lary grap hite -b ased struct u re 100 inclu des a plu ralit y of ele ments such as 104-i, 1 04-2 and a plurality of trenches …

FIG. 2C. As sho wn, element 1 04-2 in cludes a loxw' er portio n f orm ed b y etchi ng and an u pper po rti on form ed by de po siti o n. Such an element can b …

FIG. 3 illustr ates an exemplary grap hene de vice topography fabr icated b y exe mplary methods and having co nti nuous orthogon al projections o n a common …

FIG. 4B ill ustrates add iti o nal surfac e area a chiev ed by a n exe mplary graphene device topography having overlapping orthogon al projections on a common …

FIG. 5C ill ustrates y et anoth er al ternativ e exe mplary graphen e de vice topography fabric ate d by exe mplary methods i n a ccordance wth an e mbodiment …

FIG. 6. Fo r e xamp le,

FIG. 7 also includes an additional or optional step 540, in which a selected surface or surfaces of the topography are p assi vate d. The p assi v ati on step …

FIG. 8B. In some embodiments, doping the substrate with carbon compnises ion imp lantati on to th e en tire su rfa ce 204-1 of the element 104-1 o r t he e …

FIG. 9B. Sin ce t h e side wal ls, s uch as s i de wal ls 208-1 and 208 -2, are pro tected by the pro tecti on layers, s uch as pro tecti on laye rs 902-1 and …

FIG. 10 illustrates anoth er exemplary method for pass ivati ng a s elected surface of a defined topography in accordance wit h a n embodirnent of the present …

FIG. 11 i ill ust r ativ e. Depending on the appiication, t he substrate materials, or 23 o ther facto rs, the a dditi onal or optio nal pro cesses e mployed …

FIG. 12B, th e graphen e l ay er 302-1 is d op ed w ith a f i rst dopan t, fo r e xamp le by ion implan tati on, there by forming a first d oped sub-lay er 1202 …

FIG. 14 illustrates anoth er exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. 10

FIG. 15 illustrates yet another exemp lary grapbiene devic e t opography in accordance with an embodiment of the present d isc losu re. [0043]

FIG. 16 illustrates still another exemplary graphene device topography in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. [0044]

FIG. 17 illustrates a first orthogonal pr ojec'tion of a first surface and a second orthogon al projection of a se cond surfa ce onto a common plane i n a …

FIG. 53 illustra tes an ot her alte rn ati v e exe mplary grap hene d evic e t opography fabric ated by e xemplary methods in accordance with an embodiment of …

FIG. 101B, the ox idati o n l ayers grown on the surfaces of the elem ents, suc'h as surfaces 204-1 a nd 204-2, and on the surfa ces of the trenches, s uch as …

FIG. 133 depicts the third portio n 130 6 adjacent t o th e seco nd po rti o n 1 304 as an examp le. The third portio n 130 6 h as the f irs t carri ers as the …

FIG. 413 pr o vides t he comb ina tion of the fi rst s urface and the se co nd s u rfac e that e qu als W₁ + W2. Prior to the p atte r nin g, the surfa c e ar e …