Patent
US 10,020,500NOVEL CARBONIZED POLYANILINE-GRAFTED SILICON NANOPARTICLES ENCAPSULATED IN GRAPHENE SHEETS FOR LI-ION BATTERY ANODES
Jian XIE
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,020,500Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method for the synthetic procedure of graphene/C/Si composites according to a first embodiment of the present novel …
FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3D is a fourth TEM image of graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si composites.
FIG. 4B graphically illustrates Raman spectra of pristine Si, aniline-functionalized Si, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated WO 2015/148635 …
FIG. 5A-B graphically illustrate XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PAN I -coated Si and TG A curves of carbonized PAN I -coated Si.
FIG. 6A graphically illustrates N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for of Si and graphene-encapsulated SVG …
FIG. 7C graphically illustrates Coulombic efficiency of the Si, graphene/Si mixture, and the graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si at a constant …
FIG. 8 A-B graphically illustrate EIS spectroscopy curves for Si graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si before and after 100 cycles.
FIG. 9B graphically illustrates an aqueous dispersion of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles (much more hydrophi l ic than oxide-free Si).
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing a graphene-composite material, comprising: a) providing a plurality of silicon nanoparticles; b) removing any oxide layer from each respective silicon nanoparticle to yield clean silicon nanoparticles; c) forming a polyaniline layer over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle to yield a plurality of polyaniline functionalized particles; d) binding a graphene oxide sheet to the polyaniline layer of each respective polyaniline functionalized particle to yield a plurality of green particles; and e) carbonizing the polyaniline layer of each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a graphene outer layer substantially encapsulating a silicon inner core; and wherein the respective silicon nanoparticles have diameters of less than about 100 nanometers. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in b), the oxide layer is removed by washing the silicon nanoparticles with an HF solution; and wherein in b) the resulting clean silicon nanoparticles have residual oxide layers less than 5 nm thick. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in c), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
The method of claim 1 and further comprising: f) forming an electrode member from a quantity of composite particles; g) incorporating the electrode member in a lithium-ion battery. Original
Cancelled Canceled
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; and a polyaniline functionalization layer between the silicon nanoparticles and the graphene sheet. Currently amended
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; wherein the polyaniline functionalization layer is partially carbonized. Currently amended
A method for preparing a carbon-silicon composite material, comprising: a) identifying a plurality of silicon particles, wherein each respective particle is substantially free of surface oxidation; b) functionalizing the respective silicon particles to yield a plurality of functionalized particles; c) wrapping each respective functionalized particle with a graphene oxide sheet to yield a plurality of green particles; and d) calcining each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a silicon inner core and a carbonaceous outer layer. Original
10. The method of claim 9 and further comprising: e) before a), identifying a plurality of at least partially oxide-coated silicon particles; f) after e) and before a), removing oxide coatings from each respective at least partially oxidized silicon particle to yield a plurality of polished silicon particles. Original
11. The method of claim 9, wherein step b) includes functionalizing each respective silicon particle with a polyaniline layer. Original
1 6. The method of claim 9 wherein the silicon particles have diameters of less than 100 nm. Original
The method of claim ii wherein in b), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective silicon particle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-composite particle (Si@carbonized-PANI@graphene)
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
silicon nanoparticles
Si
polyaniline
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
N 1s XPS spectra of pristine Si and aniline-functionalized Si; small peak around 400 eV observed in aniline-functionalized Si, confirming successful grafting of aniline molecules on Si nanoparticles
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Reversible Specific Capacity | 1500 mAh/g | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,020,500Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method for the synthetic procedure of graphene/C/Si composites according to a first embodiment of the present novel …
FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3D is a fourth TEM image of graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si composites.
FIG. 4B graphically illustrates Raman spectra of pristine Si, aniline-functionalized Si, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated WO 2015/148635 …
FIG. 5A-B graphically illustrate XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PAN I -coated Si and TG A curves of carbonized PAN I -coated Si.
FIG. 6A graphically illustrates N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for of Si and graphene-encapsulated SVG …
FIG. 7C graphically illustrates Coulombic efficiency of the Si, graphene/Si mixture, and the graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si at a constant …
FIG. 8 A-B graphically illustrate EIS spectroscopy curves for Si graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si before and after 100 cycles.
FIG. 9B graphically illustrates an aqueous dispersion of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles (much more hydrophi l ic than oxide-free Si).
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing a graphene-composite material, comprising: a) providing a plurality of silicon nanoparticles; b) removing any oxide layer from each respective silicon nanoparticle to yield clean silicon nanoparticles; c) forming a polyaniline layer over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle to yield a plurality of polyaniline functionalized particles; d) binding a graphene oxide sheet to the polyaniline layer of each respective polyaniline functionalized particle to yield a plurality of green particles; and e) carbonizing the polyaniline layer of each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a graphene outer layer substantially encapsulating a silicon inner core; and wherein the respective silicon nanoparticles have diameters of less than about 100 nanometers. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in b), the oxide layer is removed by washing the silicon nanoparticles with an HF solution; and wherein in b) the resulting clean silicon nanoparticles have residual oxide layers less than 5 nm thick. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in c), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
The method of claim 1 and further comprising: f) forming an electrode member from a quantity of composite particles; g) incorporating the electrode member in a lithium-ion battery. Original
Cancelled Canceled
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; and a polyaniline functionalization layer between the silicon nanoparticles and the graphene sheet. Currently amended
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; wherein the polyaniline functionalization layer is partially carbonized. Currently amended
A method for preparing a carbon-silicon composite material, comprising: a) identifying a plurality of silicon particles, wherein each respective particle is substantially free of surface oxidation; b) functionalizing the respective silicon particles to yield a plurality of functionalized particles; c) wrapping each respective functionalized particle with a graphene oxide sheet to yield a plurality of green particles; and d) calcining each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a silicon inner core and a carbonaceous outer layer. Original
10. The method of claim 9 and further comprising: e) before a), identifying a plurality of at least partially oxide-coated silicon particles; f) after e) and before a), removing oxide coatings from each respective at least partially oxidized silicon particle to yield a plurality of polished silicon particles. Original
11. The method of claim 9, wherein step b) includes functionalizing each respective silicon particle with a polyaniline layer. Original
1 6. The method of claim 9 wherein the silicon particles have diameters of less than 100 nm. Original
The method of claim ii wherein in b), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective silicon particle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-composite particle (Si@carbonized-PANI@graphene)
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
silicon nanoparticles
Si
polyaniline
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
N 1s XPS spectra of pristine Si and aniline-functionalized Si; small peak around 400 eV observed in aniline-functionalized Si, confirming successful grafting of aniline molecules on Si nanoparticles
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Reversible Specific Capacity | 1500 mAh/g | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,020,500Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method for the synthetic procedure of graphene/C/Si composites according to a first embodiment of the present novel …
FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3D is a fourth TEM image of graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si composites.
FIG. 4B graphically illustrates Raman spectra of pristine Si, aniline-functionalized Si, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated WO 2015/148635 …
FIG. 5A-B graphically illustrate XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PAN I -coated Si and TG A curves of carbonized PAN I -coated Si.
FIG. 6A graphically illustrates N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for of Si and graphene-encapsulated SVG …
FIG. 7C graphically illustrates Coulombic efficiency of the Si, graphene/Si mixture, and the graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si at a constant …
FIG. 8 A-B graphically illustrate EIS spectroscopy curves for Si graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si before and after 100 cycles.
FIG. 9B graphically illustrates an aqueous dispersion of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles (much more hydrophi l ic than oxide-free Si).
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing a graphene-composite material, comprising: a) providing a plurality of silicon nanoparticles; b) removing any oxide layer from each respective silicon nanoparticle to yield clean silicon nanoparticles; c) forming a polyaniline layer over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle to yield a plurality of polyaniline functionalized particles; d) binding a graphene oxide sheet to the polyaniline layer of each respective polyaniline functionalized particle to yield a plurality of green particles; and e) carbonizing the polyaniline layer of each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a graphene outer layer substantially encapsulating a silicon inner core; and wherein the respective silicon nanoparticles have diameters of less than about 100 nanometers. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in b), the oxide layer is removed by washing the silicon nanoparticles with an HF solution; and wherein in b) the resulting clean silicon nanoparticles have residual oxide layers less than 5 nm thick. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in c), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
The method of claim 1 and further comprising: f) forming an electrode member from a quantity of composite particles; g) incorporating the electrode member in a lithium-ion battery. Original
Cancelled Canceled
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; and a polyaniline functionalization layer between the silicon nanoparticles and the graphene sheet. Currently amended
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; wherein the polyaniline functionalization layer is partially carbonized. Currently amended
A method for preparing a carbon-silicon composite material, comprising: a) identifying a plurality of silicon particles, wherein each respective particle is substantially free of surface oxidation; b) functionalizing the respective silicon particles to yield a plurality of functionalized particles; c) wrapping each respective functionalized particle with a graphene oxide sheet to yield a plurality of green particles; and d) calcining each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a silicon inner core and a carbonaceous outer layer. Original
10. The method of claim 9 and further comprising: e) before a), identifying a plurality of at least partially oxide-coated silicon particles; f) after e) and before a), removing oxide coatings from each respective at least partially oxidized silicon particle to yield a plurality of polished silicon particles. Original
11. The method of claim 9, wherein step b) includes functionalizing each respective silicon particle with a polyaniline layer. Original
1 6. The method of claim 9 wherein the silicon particles have diameters of less than 100 nm. Original
The method of claim ii wherein in b), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective silicon particle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-composite particle (Si@carbonized-PANI@graphene)
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
silicon nanoparticles
Si
polyaniline
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
N 1s XPS spectra of pristine Si and aniline-functionalized Si; small peak around 400 eV observed in aniline-functionalized Si, confirming successful grafting of aniline molecules on Si nanoparticles
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Reversible Specific Capacity | 1500 mAh/g | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,020,500Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method for the synthetic procedure of graphene/C/Si composites according to a first embodiment of the present novel …
FIG. 2A.
FIG. 3D is a fourth TEM image of graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si composites.
FIG. 4B graphically illustrates Raman spectra of pristine Si, aniline-functionalized Si, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated WO 2015/148635 …
FIG. 5A-B graphically illustrate XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PAN I -coated Si and TG A curves of carbonized PAN I -coated Si.
FIG. 6A graphically illustrates N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for of Si and graphene-encapsulated SVG …
FIG. 7C graphically illustrates Coulombic efficiency of the Si, graphene/Si mixture, and the graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si at a constant …
FIG. 8 A-B graphically illustrate EIS spectroscopy curves for Si graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si before and after 100 cycles.
FIG. 9B graphically illustrates an aqueous dispersion of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles (much more hydrophi l ic than oxide-free Si).
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for producing a graphene-composite material, comprising: a) providing a plurality of silicon nanoparticles; b) removing any oxide layer from each respective silicon nanoparticle to yield clean silicon nanoparticles; c) forming a polyaniline layer over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle to yield a plurality of polyaniline functionalized particles; d) binding a graphene oxide sheet to the polyaniline layer of each respective polyaniline functionalized particle to yield a plurality of green particles; and e) carbonizing the polyaniline layer of each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a graphene outer layer substantially encapsulating a silicon inner core; and wherein the respective silicon nanoparticles have diameters of less than about 100 nanometers. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in b), the oxide layer is removed by washing the silicon nanoparticles with an HF solution; and wherein in b) the resulting clean silicon nanoparticles have residual oxide layers less than 5 nm thick. Original
The method of claim 1 wherein in c), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective clean silicon nanoparticle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
The method of claim 1 and further comprising: f) forming an electrode member from a quantity of composite particles; g) incorporating the electrode member in a lithium-ion battery. Original
Cancelled Canceled
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; and a polyaniline functionalization layer between the silicon nanoparticles and the graphene sheet. Currently amended
A composite particle, comprising: a silicon nanoparticle; and a graphene sheet bound to the silicon nanoparticles and substantially encapsulating the same; wherein the polyaniline functionalization layer is partially carbonized. Currently amended
A method for preparing a carbon-silicon composite material, comprising: a) identifying a plurality of silicon particles, wherein each respective particle is substantially free of surface oxidation; b) functionalizing the respective silicon particles to yield a plurality of functionalized particles; c) wrapping each respective functionalized particle with a graphene oxide sheet to yield a plurality of green particles; and d) calcining each respective green particle to yield a plurality of composite particles; wherein each respective composite particle has a silicon inner core and a carbonaceous outer layer. Original
10. The method of claim 9 and further comprising: e) before a), identifying a plurality of at least partially oxide-coated silicon particles; f) after e) and before a), removing oxide coatings from each respective at least partially oxidized silicon particle to yield a plurality of polished silicon particles. Original
11. The method of claim 9, wherein step b) includes functionalizing each respective silicon particle with a polyaniline layer. Original
1 6. The method of claim 9 wherein the silicon particles have diameters of less than 100 nm. Original
The method of claim ii wherein in b), a polyaniline layer is formed over each respective silicon particle through surface-initiated polymerization of aniline on the surface of aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-composite particle (Si@carbonized-PANI@graphene)
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
silicon nanoparticles
Si
polyaniline
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
N 1s XPS spectra of pristine Si and aniline-functionalized Si; small peak around 400 eV observed in aniline-functionalized Si, confirming successful grafting of aniline molecules on Si nanoparticles
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Reversible Specific Capacity | 1500 mAh/g | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
graphene sheet
graphene oxide sheet
HF solution
HF
aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles
partially carbonized polyaniline layer
carbonaceous outer layer
oxide-coated silicon particles
aniline
C₆H₅NH₂
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite
Raman spectra of Si nanoparticles, graphene, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si. Si peak ~520 cm⁻¹; graphene G band ~1590 cm⁻¹, D band ~1320 cm⁻¹; PANI-grafted Si shows peaks at 740, 1180, 1330, 1460, 1592 cm⁻¹; final composite shows peaks at ~520 (Si), ~1320, ~1590 cm⁻¹ with PANI peak disappeared indicating pyrolysis
SEM photomicrographs showing morphology of partially or completely carbonized graphene-encapsulated PANI-coated Si
TEM images showing Si nanoparticles substantially wrapped by graphene sheets. FIG. 3A: pristine Si nanoparticles with surface oxide ~5 nm thick; FIG. 3B: PANI-coated Si with rough PANI layer of several nm; FIG. 3C: graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si; FIG. 3D: high-resolution TEM showing Si nanoparticles coated with rough layer of carbonized PANI
XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si
| 900 mAh/g |
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Capacity Retention | 70 % | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Voltage | 2-0.01 V. | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
graphene sheet
graphene oxide sheet
HF solution
HF
aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles
partially carbonized polyaniline layer
carbonaceous outer layer
oxide-coated silicon particles
aniline
C₆H₅NH₂
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite
Raman spectra of Si nanoparticles, graphene, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si. Si peak ~520 cm⁻¹; graphene G band ~1590 cm⁻¹, D band ~1320 cm⁻¹; PANI-grafted Si shows peaks at 740, 1180, 1330, 1460, 1592 cm⁻¹; final composite shows peaks at ~520 (Si), ~1320, ~1590 cm⁻¹ with PANI peak disappeared indicating pyrolysis
SEM photomicrographs showing morphology of partially or completely carbonized graphene-encapsulated PANI-coated Si
TEM images showing Si nanoparticles substantially wrapped by graphene sheets. FIG. 3A: pristine Si nanoparticles with surface oxide ~5 nm thick; FIG. 3B: PANI-coated Si with rough PANI layer of several nm; FIG. 3C: graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si; FIG. 3D: high-resolution TEM showing Si nanoparticles coated with rough layer of carbonized PANI
XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si
| 900 mAh/g |
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Capacity Retention | 70 % | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Voltage | 2-0.01 V. | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
graphene sheet
graphene oxide sheet
HF solution
HF
aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles
partially carbonized polyaniline layer
carbonaceous outer layer
oxide-coated silicon particles
aniline
C₆H₅NH₂
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite
Raman spectra of Si nanoparticles, graphene, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si. Si peak ~520 cm⁻¹; graphene G band ~1590 cm⁻¹, D band ~1320 cm⁻¹; PANI-grafted Si shows peaks at 740, 1180, 1330, 1460, 1592 cm⁻¹; final composite shows peaks at ~520 (Si), ~1320, ~1590 cm⁻¹ with PANI peak disappeared indicating pyrolysis
SEM photomicrographs showing morphology of partially or completely carbonized graphene-encapsulated PANI-coated Si
TEM images showing Si nanoparticles substantially wrapped by graphene sheets. FIG. 3A: pristine Si nanoparticles with surface oxide ~5 nm thick; FIG. 3B: PANI-coated Si with rough PANI layer of several nm; FIG. 3C: graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si; FIG. 3D: high-resolution TEM showing Si nanoparticles coated with rough layer of carbonized PANI
XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si
| 900 mAh/g |
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Capacity Retention | 70 % | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Voltage | 2-0.01 V. | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
graphene sheet
graphene oxide sheet
HF solution
HF
aniline-functionalized Si nanoparticles
partially carbonized polyaniline layer
carbonaceous outer layer
oxide-coated silicon particles
aniline
C₆H₅NH₂
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite
Raman spectra of Si nanoparticles, graphene, PANI-grafted Si, and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si. Si peak ~520 cm⁻¹; graphene G band ~1590 cm⁻¹, D band ~1320 cm⁻¹; PANI-grafted Si shows peaks at 740, 1180, 1330, 1460, 1592 cm⁻¹; final composite shows peaks at ~520 (Si), ~1320, ~1590 cm⁻¹ with PANI peak disappeared indicating pyrolysis
SEM photomicrographs showing morphology of partially or completely carbonized graphene-encapsulated PANI-coated Si
TEM images showing Si nanoparticles substantially wrapped by graphene sheets. FIG. 3A: pristine Si nanoparticles with surface oxide ~5 nm thick; FIG. 3B: PANI-coated Si with rough PANI layer of several nm; FIG. 3C: graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si; FIG. 3D: high-resolution TEM showing Si nanoparticles coated with rough layer of carbonized PANI
XRD patterns of Si and graphene-encapsulated carbonized PANI-coated Si
| 900 mAh/g |
carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Capacity Retention | 70 % | carbonized PANI-graphene-Si composite |
Voltage | 2-0.01 V. | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |