Preparation of comparative example 1 (CE- 1): PVA/PET membrane: [0074] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 100 p m PET using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 ° C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 pm thick as CE- 1.

Preparation of comparative example 2 (CE-2): PVA/PSF membrane: [0075] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 40 p m thick polysulfone with nonwoven fabric substrate (Hydranautics) using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 °C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 p m thick as CE-2.

Preparation of comparative example 3 (CE-3): Mitsubishi membrane: [0076] A membrane was cut from an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) by Mitsubishi (Mitsubishi International Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA) as CE-3. Measurement of Selectively Permeable Elements [0077] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were tested for oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as described in ASTM D-3985, at 23 0C and 0% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Oxtran 2/21 oxygen permeability Instrument (Morcon, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The results are shown in Table 1 below. [0078] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were also tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F 1 249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. WVTR and H 2 0/0 2 selectivity of GO-PVA membrane SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.10.367.918.2218.1325.svg 1.357 6.17 Chemistry Black and white [0079] The results shown in Table 1 demonstrated the significant increase in permeability for the polar water vapor as compared with the non-polar 0 2 gas. [0080] Ex-2-Ex-12, CE-2 and CE-3 made as described above, were tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F1249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2. Water Vapor Permeance, N 2 Permeance, H 2 0/0 2 Selectivity and H 2 0/N 2 Selectivity of Various membranes. SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.24.389.2091.2224.2998.svg 3.023 6.117 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.23.3.389.282.2224.1640.svg 4.527 6.117 Chemistry Black and white [0081] As shown in Table 2, a significant increase in performance can be achieved by using the aforementioned embodiments, even when using a commercial film as the support (EX-9 versus CE-3). [0082] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. [0083] The terms "a," "an, " "the " and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., " such as") provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of any claim. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. [0084] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. [0085] Certain embodiments are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, the claims include all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is contemplated unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. [0086] In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the claims. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of the claims. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative embodiments may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to embodiments precisely as shown and described. Claims What is claimed is:

Preparation of comparative example 1 (CE- 1): PVA/PET membrane: [0074] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 100 p m PET using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 ° C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 pm thick as CE- 1.

Preparation of comparative example 2 (CE-2): PVA/PSF membrane: [0075] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 40 p m thick polysulfone with nonwoven fabric substrate (Hydranautics) using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 °C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 p m thick as CE-2.

Preparation of comparative example 3 (CE-3): Mitsubishi membrane: [0076] A membrane was cut from an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) by Mitsubishi (Mitsubishi International Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA) as CE-3. Measurement of Selectively Permeable Elements [0077] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were tested for oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as described in ASTM D-3985, at 23 0C and 0% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Oxtran 2/21 oxygen permeability Instrument (Morcon, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The results are shown in Table 1 below. [0078] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were also tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F 1 249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. WVTR and H 2 0/0 2 selectivity of GO-PVA membrane SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.10.367.918.2218.1325.svg 1.357 6.17 Chemistry Black and white [0079] The results shown in Table 1 demonstrated the significant increase in permeability for the polar water vapor as compared with the non-polar 0 2 gas. [0080] Ex-2-Ex-12, CE-2 and CE-3 made as described above, were tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F1249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2. Water Vapor Permeance, N 2 Permeance, H 2 0/0 2 Selectivity and H 2 0/N 2 Selectivity of Various membranes. SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.24.389.2091.2224.2998.svg 3.023 6.117 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.23.3.389.282.2224.1640.svg 4.527 6.117 Chemistry Black and white [0081] As shown in Table 2, a significant increase in performance can be achieved by using the aforementioned embodiments, even when using a commercial film as the support (EX-9 versus CE-3). [0082] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. [0083] The terms "a," "an, " "the " and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., " such as") provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of any claim. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. [0084] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. [0085] Certain embodiments are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, the claims include all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is contemplated unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. [0086] In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the claims. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of the claims. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative embodiments may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to embodiments precisely as shown and described. Claims What is claimed is:

Preparation of comparative example 1 (CE- 1): PVA/PET membrane: [0074] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 100 p m PET using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 ° C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 pm thick as CE- 1.

Preparation of comparative example 2 (CE-2): PVA/PSF membrane: [0075] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 40 p m thick polysulfone with nonwoven fabric substrate (Hydranautics) using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 °C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 p m thick as CE-2.

Preparation of comparative example 3 (CE-3): Mitsubishi membrane: [0076] A membrane was cut from an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) by Mitsubishi (Mitsubishi International Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA) as CE-3. Measurement of Selectively Permeable Elements [0077] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were tested for oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as described in ASTM D-3985, at 23 0C and 0% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Oxtran 2/21 oxygen permeability Instrument (Morcon, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The results are shown in Table 1 below. [0078] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were also tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F 1 249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. WVTR and H 2 0/0 2 selectivity of GO-PVA membrane SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.10.367.918.2218.1325.svg 1.357 6.17 Chemistry Black and white [0079] The results shown in Table 1 demonstrated the significant increase in permeability for the polar water vapor as compared with the non-polar 0 2 gas. [0080] Ex-2-Ex-12, CE-2 and CE-3 made as described above, were tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F1249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2. Water Vapor Permeance, N 2 Permeance, H 2 0/0 2 Selectivity and H 2 0/N 2 Selectivity of Various membranes. SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.24.389.2091.2224.2998.svg 3.023 6.117 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.23.3.389.282.2224.1640.svg 4.527 6.117 Chemistry Black and white [0081] As shown in Table 2, a significant increase in performance can be achieved by using the aforementioned embodiments, even when using a commercial film as the support (EX-9 versus CE-3). [0082] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. [0083] The terms "a," "an, " "the " and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., " such as") provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of any claim. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. [0084] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. [0085] Certain embodiments are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, the claims include all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is contemplated unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. [0086] In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the claims. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of the claims. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative embodiments may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to embodiments precisely as shown and described. Claims What is claimed is:

Preparation of comparative example 1 (CE- 1): PVA/PET membrane: [0074] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 100 p m PET using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 ° C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 pm thick as CE- 1.

Preparation of comparative example 2 (CE-2): PVA/PSF membrane: [0075] A 2.5% PVA aqueous solution (Aldrich) was tape casted onto a 40 p m thick polysulfone with nonwoven fabric substrate (Hydranautics) using a casting knife with a gap of 100 p m. After drying in air, the membrane was placed in an oven at 85 °C for 30 minutes to remove water, resulting in a membrane that was 5 p m thick as CE-2.

Preparation of comparative example 3 (CE-3): Mitsubishi membrane: [0076] A membrane was cut from an energy recovery ventilator (ERV) by Mitsubishi (Mitsubishi International Corporation, Los Angeles, CA USA) as CE-3. Measurement of Selectively Permeable Elements [0077] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were tested for oxygen transmission rate (OTR) as described in ASTM D-3985, at 23 0C and 0% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Oxtran 2/21 oxygen permeability Instrument (Morcon, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The results are shown in Table 1 below. [0078] EX-1 and CE- 1, made as described above were also tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F 1 249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are shown in Table 1 below. Table 1. WVTR and H 2 0/0 2 selectivity of GO-PVA membrane SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.10.367.918.2218.1325.svg 1.357 6.17 Chemistry Black and white [0079] The results shown in Table 1 demonstrated the significant increase in permeability for the polar water vapor as compared with the non-polar 0 2 gas. [0080] Ex-2-Ex-12, CE-2 and CE-3 made as described above, were tested for water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) as described in ASTM F1249, at 40 °C and 90% relative humidity (RH) for a period of about 2 days using a MOCON Permatran-W₃/33 water vapor permeability Instrument (Mocon). The results are summarized in Table 2 below. Table 2. Water Vapor Permeance, N 2 Permeance, H 2 0/0 2 Selectivity and H 2 0/N 2 Selectivity of Various membranes. SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.22.24.389.2091.2224.2998.svg 3.023 6.117 Chemistry Black and white SVG 15915459.03-08-2018.JEIW₀YCVRXEAPX4.SPEC.23.3.389.282.2224.1640.svg 4.527 6.117 Chemistry Black and white [0081] As shown in Table 2, a significant increase in performance can be achieved by using the aforementioned embodiments, even when using a commercial film as the support (EX-9 versus CE-3). [0082] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. [0083] The terms "a," "an, " "the " and similar referents used in the context of describing the invention (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., " such as") provided herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of any claim. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention. [0084] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. It is anticipated that one or more members of a group may be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. [0085] Certain embodiments are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventors intend for the invention to be practiced otherwise than specifically described herein. Accordingly, the claims include all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is contemplated unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. [0086] In closing, it is to be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the claims. Other modifications that may be employed are within the scope of the claims. Thus, by way of example, but not of limitation, alternative embodiments may be utilized in accordance with the teachings herein. Accordingly, the claims are not limited to embodiments precisely as shown and described. Claims What is claimed is: