Patent
US 10,703,635SUPERCRITICAL FLUID PROCESS FOR PRODUCING GRAPHENE DISPERSION FROM COKE OR COAL
Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,703,635Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing isolated graphene sheets.
FIG. 2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a liquid medium to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce said isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of a shearing said coal or coke powder by a process selected from wet milling, ball milling, rotating blade shearing, ultrasonication, and combinations thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjecting said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a material selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide, ozone, sulfur oxide, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid further comprises a reactive chemical group and said step of exposure to a supercritical fluid imparts said reactive chemical group to said dispersed graphene sheets. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said first period of time is from 10 minutes to 24 hours. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of depressurizing has at a rate of pressure release between 0.1 and 5.0 milliliters per second. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium is selected from water, alcohol. or acetone. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, and combinations thereof. Original
11. The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodi u m lignos u lfonate, poly (sodi u m 4-styrene s u lfonate), sodium dodecyl s u lfate, sodium s u lfate, sodium phosphate, sodi u m s u lfonate, melamine, ammoni u m s u lfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1- pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 wherein said pressure vessel supercritical fluid further comprises a coating agent. Original
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of coating said graphene- containing dispersion onto a solid surface to form a wet film, and drying said wet film, to form a dried graphene film. Original
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a monomer or oligomer to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
A composite material containing graphene sheets produced by the method of claim 18. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
dried graphene film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal or coke powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,703,635Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing isolated graphene sheets.
FIG. 2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a liquid medium to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce said isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of a shearing said coal or coke powder by a process selected from wet milling, ball milling, rotating blade shearing, ultrasonication, and combinations thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjecting said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a material selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide, ozone, sulfur oxide, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid further comprises a reactive chemical group and said step of exposure to a supercritical fluid imparts said reactive chemical group to said dispersed graphene sheets. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said first period of time is from 10 minutes to 24 hours. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of depressurizing has at a rate of pressure release between 0.1 and 5.0 milliliters per second. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium is selected from water, alcohol. or acetone. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, and combinations thereof. Original
11. The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodi u m lignos u lfonate, poly (sodi u m 4-styrene s u lfonate), sodium dodecyl s u lfate, sodium s u lfate, sodium phosphate, sodi u m s u lfonate, melamine, ammoni u m s u lfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1- pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 wherein said pressure vessel supercritical fluid further comprises a coating agent. Original
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of coating said graphene- containing dispersion onto a solid surface to form a wet film, and drying said wet film, to form a dried graphene film. Original
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a monomer or oligomer to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
A composite material containing graphene sheets produced by the method of claim 18. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
dried graphene film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal or coke powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,703,635Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing isolated graphene sheets.
FIG. 2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a liquid medium to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce said isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of a shearing said coal or coke powder by a process selected from wet milling, ball milling, rotating blade shearing, ultrasonication, and combinations thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjecting said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a material selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide, ozone, sulfur oxide, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid further comprises a reactive chemical group and said step of exposure to a supercritical fluid imparts said reactive chemical group to said dispersed graphene sheets. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said first period of time is from 10 minutes to 24 hours. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of depressurizing has at a rate of pressure release between 0.1 and 5.0 milliliters per second. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium is selected from water, alcohol. or acetone. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, and combinations thereof. Original
11. The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodi u m lignos u lfonate, poly (sodi u m 4-styrene s u lfonate), sodium dodecyl s u lfate, sodium s u lfate, sodium phosphate, sodi u m s u lfonate, melamine, ammoni u m s u lfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1- pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 wherein said pressure vessel supercritical fluid further comprises a coating agent. Original
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of coating said graphene- containing dispersion onto a solid surface to form a wet film, and drying said wet film, to form a dried graphene film. Original
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a monomer or oligomer to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
A composite material containing graphene sheets produced by the method of claim 18. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
dried graphene film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal or coke powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa |
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,703,635Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing isolated graphene sheets.
FIG. 2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a liquid medium to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce said isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of a shearing said coal or coke powder by a process selected from wet milling, ball milling, rotating blade shearing, ultrasonication, and combinations thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjecting said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a material selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide, methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide, ozone, sulfur oxide, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid further comprises a reactive chemical group and said step of exposure to a supercritical fluid imparts said reactive chemical group to said dispersed graphene sheets. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said first period of time is from 10 minutes to 24 hours. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of depressurizing has at a rate of pressure release between 0.1 and 5.0 milliliters per second. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium is selected from water, alcohol. or acetone. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of dispersing agent, an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, and combinations thereof. Original
11. The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of sodium hexametaphosphate, sodi u m lignos u lfonate, poly (sodi u m 4-styrene s u lfonate), sodium dodecyl s u lfate, sodium s u lfate, sodium phosphate, sodi u m s u lfonate, melamine, ammoni u m s u lfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1- pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1 wherein said pressure vessel supercritical fluid further comprises a coating agent. Original
The process of claim 1 further comprising a step of coating said graphene- containing dispersion onto a solid surface to form a wet film, and drying said wet film, to form a dried graphene film. Original
A process for producing a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets without purification, said process comprising: (a) exposing coal or coke powder and a monomer or oligomer to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel and (b) depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate to produce a dispersion of isolated graphene sheets; wherein said coal or coke powder is selected from the group consisting of petroleum coke, coal-derived coke, mesophase coke, synthetic coke, leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, natural coal mineral powder, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
A composite material containing graphene sheets produced by the method of claim 18. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
dried graphene film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal or coke powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa |
supercritical fluid
liquid medium
dispersing agent additives (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate, poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium ethylenediamine, tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine)
coating agent
monomer or oligomer
polymer composite containing graphene sheets
| — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
— | 650–1200 W | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
— | 400–600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31.1 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
supercritical fluid
liquid medium
dispersing agent additives (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate, poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium ethylenediamine, tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine)
coating agent
monomer or oligomer
polymer composite containing graphene sheets
| — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
— | 650–1200 W | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
— | 400–600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31.1 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
supercritical fluid
liquid medium
dispersing agent additives (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate, poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium ethylenediamine, tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine)
coating agent
monomer or oligomer
polymer composite containing graphene sheets
| — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
— | 650–1200 W | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
— | 400–600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31.1 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
supercritical fluid
liquid medium
dispersing agent additives (sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate, poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium ethylenediamine, tetraalkylammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hexamethylenetetramine, organic amine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1-pyrenamine)
coating agent
monomer or oligomer
polymer composite containing graphene sheets
| — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
— | 650–1200 W | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
— | 400–600 W | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 31.1 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |