Patent
US 9,840,782Electrochemical Process for Producing Graphene, Graphene Oxide, Metal Composites, and Coated Substrates
Kalathur S.V. Santhanam
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,840,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the organic liquid comprises toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises non-dissolving metals, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises semiconductors made of inorganic materials, comprising ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the graphite comprises natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the water comprises deionized water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide metal composites comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and the metal component, formation of ions of the metal, and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite anode forming a graphene/graphene oxide metal composite and at least one of convective mi g ration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene and formed metal ions in the bath. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the metal component comprises Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, T r, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing a metal/graphene composite comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath-comprising a graphene/graphene oxide solution, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive composite- forming material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause deposition of a metal/graphene composite on the cathode. Currently amended
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising the steps of immersing a graphite anode electrode and an electrically conductive material cathode electrode in an electrochemical bath consisting essentially of water and an organic liquid; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid is toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a non- dissolving metal, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloy thereof. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a semiconductor made of an inorganic material, ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the graphite graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the water is
The process of claim 16, wherein the concentration of organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrical introduces a current density of from about 0.0 1 is natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-deionized water. New electrochemical bath is from about 1 % to about 10% electrochemical bath is about a 10% concentration of potential applied across the electrodes mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide production
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide metal composite production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene/graphene oxide
water
H₂O
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 295–315 K | — |
Temperature | 295–333.3 K |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,840,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the organic liquid comprises toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises non-dissolving metals, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises semiconductors made of inorganic materials, comprising ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the graphite comprises natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the water comprises deionized water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide metal composites comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and the metal component, formation of ions of the metal, and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite anode forming a graphene/graphene oxide metal composite and at least one of convective mi g ration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene and formed metal ions in the bath. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the metal component comprises Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, T r, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing a metal/graphene composite comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath-comprising a graphene/graphene oxide solution, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive composite- forming material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause deposition of a metal/graphene composite on the cathode. Currently amended
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising the steps of immersing a graphite anode electrode and an electrically conductive material cathode electrode in an electrochemical bath consisting essentially of water and an organic liquid; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid is toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a non- dissolving metal, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloy thereof. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a semiconductor made of an inorganic material, ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the graphite graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the water is
The process of claim 16, wherein the concentration of organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrical introduces a current density of from about 0.0 1 is natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-deionized water. New electrochemical bath is from about 1 % to about 10% electrochemical bath is about a 10% concentration of potential applied across the electrodes mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide production
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide metal composite production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene/graphene oxide
water
H₂O
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 295–315 K | — |
Temperature | 295–333.3 K |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,840,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the organic liquid comprises toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises non-dissolving metals, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises semiconductors made of inorganic materials, comprising ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the graphite comprises natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the water comprises deionized water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide metal composites comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and the metal component, formation of ions of the metal, and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite anode forming a graphene/graphene oxide metal composite and at least one of convective mi g ration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene and formed metal ions in the bath. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the metal component comprises Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, T r, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing a metal/graphene composite comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath-comprising a graphene/graphene oxide solution, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive composite- forming material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause deposition of a metal/graphene composite on the cathode. Currently amended
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising the steps of immersing a graphite anode electrode and an electrically conductive material cathode electrode in an electrochemical bath consisting essentially of water and an organic liquid; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid is toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a non- dissolving metal, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloy thereof. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a semiconductor made of an inorganic material, ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the graphite graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the water is
The process of claim 16, wherein the concentration of organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrical introduces a current density of from about 0.0 1 is natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-deionized water. New electrochemical bath is from about 1 % to about 10% electrochemical bath is about a 10% concentration of potential applied across the electrodes mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide production
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide metal composite production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene/graphene oxide
water
H₂O
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 295–315 K | — |
Temperature | 295–333.3 K |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,840,782Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the organic liquid comprises toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises non-dissolving metals, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises semiconductors made of inorganic materials, comprising ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the graphite comprises natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the water comprises deionized water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide metal composites comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath, comprising water and an organic liquid, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and the metal component, formation of ions of the metal, and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite anode forming a graphene/graphene oxide metal composite and at least one of convective mi g ration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene and formed metal ions in the bath. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the metal component comprises Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, T r, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises from about 1 % to about 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrochemical bath comprises about a 10% concentration of organic liquid in water. Original
The process of claim 10, wherein the electrical potential applied across the electrodes introduces a current density of from about 0. 01 mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. Original
An electrochemical process for producing a metal/graphene composite comprising: immersing in an electrolyte-free electrochemical bath-comprising a graphene/graphene oxide solution, an anode electrode comprising graphite and a metal component and a cathode electrode comprising an electrically conductive composite- forming material; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause deposition of a metal/graphene composite on the cathode. Currently amended
An electrochemical process for producing graphene/graphene oxide comprising the steps of immersing a graphite anode electrode and an electrically conductive material cathode electrode in an electrochemical bath consisting essentially of water and an organic liquid; and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode, sufficient to cause Joule heating and oxidation of the water and cleavage of graphene by embrittlement from the graphite of the anode forming graphene/graphene oxide and at least one of convective migration and electrical migration of the cleaved graphene in the bath. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid is toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a non- dissolving metal, Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloy thereof. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a semiconductor made of an inorganic material, ZnO, TiO 2, or SnO 2. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the graphite graphite, natural amorphous graphite, highly based graphite, or pitch-based graphite. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the water is
The process of claim 16, wherein the concentration of organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the organic liquid in water. New
The process of claim 16, wherein the electrical introduces a current density of from about 0.0 1 is natural crystalline flake graphite, artificial oriented pyrolytic graphite, polyacrylonitrile fiber-deionized water. New electrochemical bath is from about 1 % to about 10% electrochemical bath is about a 10% concentration of potential applied across the electrodes mA/cm 2 to about 500 mA/cm 2. New
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide production
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for graphene/graphene oxide metal composite production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene/graphene oxide
water
H₂O
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Temperature | 295–315 K | — |
Temperature | 295–333.3 K |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for metal/graphene composite deposition
graphite
organic liquid
organic liquid (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile)
electrically conductive cathode material (non-dissolving metals: Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys)
semiconductor cathode material (ZnO, TiO2, or SnO₂)
metal component
metal component (Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W)
metal/graphene composite
| — |
Duration | 1–3 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0–10 mm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 mm | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 293–343 K | — |
Temperature | 293–333.3 K | — |
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for metal/graphene composite deposition
graphite
organic liquid
organic liquid (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile)
electrically conductive cathode material (non-dissolving metals: Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys)
semiconductor cathode material (ZnO, TiO2, or SnO₂)
metal component
metal component (Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W)
metal/graphene composite
| — |
Duration | 1–3 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0–10 mm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 mm | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 293–343 K | — |
Temperature | 293–333.3 K | — |
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for metal/graphene composite deposition
graphite
organic liquid
organic liquid (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile)
electrically conductive cathode material (non-dissolving metals: Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys)
semiconductor cathode material (ZnO, TiO2, or SnO₂)
metal component
metal component (Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W)
metal/graphene composite
| — |
Duration | 1–3 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0–10 mm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 mm | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 293–343 K | — |
Temperature | 293–333.3 K | — |
electrolyte-free electrochemical cell for metal/graphene composite deposition
graphite
organic liquid
organic liquid (toluene, carbon tetrachloride, methylene chloride, methyl amine, or acetonitrile)
electrically conductive cathode material (non-dissolving metals: Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ir, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, W, or alloys)
semiconductor cathode material (ZnO, TiO2, or SnO₂)
metal component
metal component (Cu, Pt, Ag, Al, Pd, Mo, Rh, Ti, Ta, Zn, In, Sb, Te, Zr, Pb, or W)
metal/graphene composite
| — |
Duration | 1–3 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0–10 mm | — |
Thickness | 1–5 mm | — |
Duration | 1–900 seconds | — |
Temperature | 293–343 K | — |
Temperature | 293–333.3 K | — |