Patent
US 9,685,261Formation of Transparent Conductive Film by Interfacial Graphene Assembly
Douglas H. Adamson
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,685,261Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 3), followed by dipping the new substrate into the fluid to lift/remove the film from the fluid (
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIGS. 5-9. 10 In certain embodiments, the film formation occurred at the interface of a water/heptane phase separated mixture. Graphene is generally insoluble …
FIGS. 10 A and 1O B show images of graphene film formation at flat and curved water/heptane interfaces. More specifically,
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 13 shows the density distribution along the z-axis in simulations with nine graphene sheets. In certain embodiments, it appears that graphene aggregates …
FIG. 14 shows potential of the mean force for a three layer graphene flake assembly. 10 ME₁ 17581574v. 1 Docket No.: 98121.00224 It is noted that the present …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) a first liquid material and a second liquid material, and (ii) an interface between the first and second liquid materials; b) introducing a layered material to the phase separated system, wherein the layered material spreads at the interface; c) inserting a substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the layered material to be associated with the substrate; and d) removing the substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate to dry.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material includes graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material is substantially pristine and naturally derived graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is an oil and water based system.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is a system of two substantially non-mixing solvents.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first material is water and the second material is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes glass.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is substantially hydrophilic. 2 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224
The method of claim 1, wherein after inserting the substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the layered material moves along a surface of the substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein in connection with after step b), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, wherein during step c), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: e) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the layered material floats on or in the fluid; f) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and g) removing the dried portion of the layered material from the fluid via the second substrate.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; 3 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; and e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive; wherein after inserting the hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite moves along a surface of the hydrophilic substrate; wherein the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene; and wherein during step d), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
A method for fabricating a film or coating comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; 4 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 f) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite floats on or in the fluid; g) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and h) removing the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite from the fluid via the second substrate; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite is substantially transparent and electrically conductive. 5 MEl 23707357v.1
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
transparent conductive film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered material
first liquid material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,685,261Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 3), followed by dipping the new substrate into the fluid to lift/remove the film from the fluid (
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIGS. 5-9. 10 In certain embodiments, the film formation occurred at the interface of a water/heptane phase separated mixture. Graphene is generally insoluble …
FIGS. 10 A and 1O B show images of graphene film formation at flat and curved water/heptane interfaces. More specifically,
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 13 shows the density distribution along the z-axis in simulations with nine graphene sheets. In certain embodiments, it appears that graphene aggregates …
FIG. 14 shows potential of the mean force for a three layer graphene flake assembly. 10 ME₁ 17581574v. 1 Docket No.: 98121.00224 It is noted that the present …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) a first liquid material and a second liquid material, and (ii) an interface between the first and second liquid materials; b) introducing a layered material to the phase separated system, wherein the layered material spreads at the interface; c) inserting a substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the layered material to be associated with the substrate; and d) removing the substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate to dry.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material includes graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material is substantially pristine and naturally derived graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is an oil and water based system.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is a system of two substantially non-mixing solvents.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first material is water and the second material is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes glass.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is substantially hydrophilic. 2 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224
The method of claim 1, wherein after inserting the substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the layered material moves along a surface of the substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein in connection with after step b), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, wherein during step c), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: e) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the layered material floats on or in the fluid; f) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and g) removing the dried portion of the layered material from the fluid via the second substrate.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; 3 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; and e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive; wherein after inserting the hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite moves along a surface of the hydrophilic substrate; wherein the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene; and wherein during step d), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
A method for fabricating a film or coating comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; 4 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 f) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite floats on or in the fluid; g) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and h) removing the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite from the fluid via the second substrate; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite is substantially transparent and electrically conductive. 5 MEl 23707357v.1
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
transparent conductive film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered material
first liquid material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,685,261Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 3), followed by dipping the new substrate into the fluid to lift/remove the film from the fluid (
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIGS. 5-9. 10 In certain embodiments, the film formation occurred at the interface of a water/heptane phase separated mixture. Graphene is generally insoluble …
FIGS. 10 A and 1O B show images of graphene film formation at flat and curved water/heptane interfaces. More specifically,
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 13 shows the density distribution along the z-axis in simulations with nine graphene sheets. In certain embodiments, it appears that graphene aggregates …
FIG. 14 shows potential of the mean force for a three layer graphene flake assembly. 10 ME₁ 17581574v. 1 Docket No.: 98121.00224 It is noted that the present …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) a first liquid material and a second liquid material, and (ii) an interface between the first and second liquid materials; b) introducing a layered material to the phase separated system, wherein the layered material spreads at the interface; c) inserting a substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the layered material to be associated with the substrate; and d) removing the substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate to dry.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material includes graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material is substantially pristine and naturally derived graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is an oil and water based system.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is a system of two substantially non-mixing solvents.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first material is water and the second material is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes glass.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is substantially hydrophilic. 2 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224
The method of claim 1, wherein after inserting the substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the layered material moves along a surface of the substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein in connection with after step b), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, wherein during step c), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: e) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the layered material floats on or in the fluid; f) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and g) removing the dried portion of the layered material from the fluid via the second substrate.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; 3 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; and e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive; wherein after inserting the hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite moves along a surface of the hydrophilic substrate; wherein the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene; and wherein during step d), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
A method for fabricating a film or coating comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; 4 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 f) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite floats on or in the fluid; g) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and h) removing the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite from the fluid via the second substrate; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite is substantially transparent and electrically conductive. 5 MEl 23707357v.1
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
transparent conductive film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered material
first liquid material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,685,261Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 3), followed by dipping the new substrate into the fluid to lift/remove the film from the fluid (
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIGS. 5-9. 10 In certain embodiments, the film formation occurred at the interface of a water/heptane phase separated mixture. Graphene is generally insoluble …
FIGS. 10 A and 1O B show images of graphene film formation at flat and curved water/heptane interfaces. More specifically,
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 13 shows the density distribution along the z-axis in simulations with nine graphene sheets. In certain embodiments, it appears that graphene aggregates …
FIG. 14 shows potential of the mean force for a three layer graphene flake assembly. 10 ME₁ 17581574v. 1 Docket No.: 98121.00224 It is noted that the present …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) a first liquid material and a second liquid material, and (ii) an interface between the first and second liquid materials; b) introducing a layered material to the phase separated system, wherein the layered material spreads at the interface; c) inserting a substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the layered material to be associated with the substrate; and d) removing the substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate to dry.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material includes graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the layered material is substantially pristine and naturally derived graphite.
The method of claim 1, wherein the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is an oil and water based system.
The method of claim 1, wherein the phase separated system is a system of two substantially non-mixing solvents.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first material is water and the second material is heptane.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate includes glass.
The method of claim 1, wherein the substrate is substantially hydrophilic. 2 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224
The method of claim 1, wherein after inserting the substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the layered material moves along a surface of the substrate.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the layered material associated with the substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene.
The method of claim 1, wherein in connection with after step b), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, wherein during step c), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of: e) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the layered material associated with the substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the layered material floats on or in the fluid; f) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and g) removing the dried portion of the layered material from the fluid via the second substrate.
A method for fabricating a film or coating, comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; 3 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; and e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the substrate is substantially transparent and electrically conductive; wherein after inserting the hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system, at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite moves along a surface of the hydrophilic substrate; wherein the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate includes from about one sheet or layer to about four sheets or layers of graphene; and wherein during step d), the phase separated system is sonicated or agitated.
A method for fabricating a film or coating comprising: a) providing a phase separated system, the phase separated system including: (i) water and heptane, and (ii) an interface between the water and the heptane; b) introducing substantially pristine graphite to the phase separated system; c) sonicating the phase separated system, wherein the substantially pristine graphite spreads at the interface; d) inserting a hydrophilic substrate into the interface of the phase separated system and allowing at least a portion of the substantially pristine graphite to be associated with the hydrophilic substrate; e) removing the hydrophilic substrate from the phase separated system and allowing the portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate to dry; 4 MEl 23707357v.1 Attorney Docket: 98121.00224 f) inserting the substrate and the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite associated with the hydrophilic substrate into a fluid so that the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite floats on or in the fluid; g) inserting a second substrate into the fluid; and h) removing the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite from the fluid via the second substrate; wherein the dried portion of the substantially pristine graphite is substantially transparent and electrically conductive. 5 MEl 23707357v.1
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
transparent conductive film
Materials described outside the worked examples.
layered material
first liquid material
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 1B, but with an untreated glass slide inserted, and where the graphene climbs the slide even as it does not climb the hydrophobic glass vial; Figure I₁ …
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
second liquid material
graphite
substantially pristine naturally derived graphite
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
graphene
substantially pristine natural flake graphene
graphene (1–4 layers, pristine natural flake)
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
second liquid material
graphite
substantially pristine naturally derived graphite
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
graphene
substantially pristine natural flake graphene
graphene (1–4 layers, pristine natural flake)
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
second liquid material
graphite
substantially pristine naturally derived graphite
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
graphene
substantially pristine natural flake graphene
graphene (1–4 layers, pristine natural flake)
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
second liquid material
graphite
substantially pristine naturally derived graphite
water
H₂O
heptane
C₇H₁₆
graphene
substantially pristine natural flake graphene
graphene (1–4 layers, pristine natural flake)
FIG. 2, after removal from the solvent or phase separated system in container 10, the graphene on the substrate 14 will dry to form a transparent (e.g., …
FIG. 4; Figure 5 depicts a TEM image of an exemplary film according to the present disclosure; 10 Figures 6-9 depict TEM images of another exemplary film …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …
FIG. 12C depicts a Raman spectra of an exemplary graphene film of the present disclosure. The shape of the 2D peak is consistent with two layers of graphene. To …