Patent
US 11,189,825GRAPHENE-ENCAPSULATED ELECTROACTIVE MATERIAL FOR USE IN A LITHIUM ION ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL
Cary Michael HAYNER
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,189,825Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the apparatus and processing steps used to prepare particles of the electrochemically active material of the …
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially spherical structure. [0023]
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially crumpled structure. …
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
FIG. 5 shows the discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency test results of lithium ion cells comprising an anode Attorney Docket No.: 3018- 009US consisting of …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemically active material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising electrochemically active core particles encapsulated within a shell consisting of a graphene material, wherein: the graphene material is selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 1 p m to 20 pm; the composite particle have a BET surface area of less than about 75 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; the core particles comprise silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof and have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area ranges from about 5 m 2/g to about 40 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 15 m 2/g to about 65 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a spherical structure. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the core particles comprise at least 50 weight percent of the total weight of the composite particles. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from about 2.3 p m to about 4.3 pm. Original
An electrode comprising: the electrochemically active material of claim 1; and a binder. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
15-20. Canceled
Canceled
An electrode material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising: core particles comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereo f; and a shell that encapsulates the core particles and consists of a graphene material selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, wherein: the core particles have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; the composite particles have a particle size greater than 1 micrometer; the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 80 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein: the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20 the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 2.3 p m to 4.3 p m; and the BET surface area ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 35 m 2/g. Previously presented
A battery comprising: an anode comprising the electrode material of claim 21; a cathode; a casing housing the anode and cathode; and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the shell isolates the core particles and prevents the core particles from contacting the electrolyte, wherein a stable SEI layer can form only outside the shell. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
silicon/silicon oxide core particles
graphene material shell (graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 1 upper limit) | ≤ 75 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 21 upper limit) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,189,825Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the apparatus and processing steps used to prepare particles of the electrochemically active material of the …
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially spherical structure. [0023]
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially crumpled structure. …
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
FIG. 5 shows the discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency test results of lithium ion cells comprising an anode Attorney Docket No.: 3018- 009US consisting of …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemically active material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising electrochemically active core particles encapsulated within a shell consisting of a graphene material, wherein: the graphene material is selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 1 p m to 20 pm; the composite particle have a BET surface area of less than about 75 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; the core particles comprise silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof and have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area ranges from about 5 m 2/g to about 40 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 15 m 2/g to about 65 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a spherical structure. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the core particles comprise at least 50 weight percent of the total weight of the composite particles. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from about 2.3 p m to about 4.3 pm. Original
An electrode comprising: the electrochemically active material of claim 1; and a binder. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
15-20. Canceled
Canceled
An electrode material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising: core particles comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereo f; and a shell that encapsulates the core particles and consists of a graphene material selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, wherein: the core particles have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; the composite particles have a particle size greater than 1 micrometer; the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 80 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein: the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20 the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 2.3 p m to 4.3 p m; and the BET surface area ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 35 m 2/g. Previously presented
A battery comprising: an anode comprising the electrode material of claim 21; a cathode; a casing housing the anode and cathode; and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the shell isolates the core particles and prevents the core particles from contacting the electrolyte, wherein a stable SEI layer can form only outside the shell. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
silicon/silicon oxide core particles
graphene material shell (graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 1 upper limit) | ≤ 75 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 21 upper limit) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,189,825Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the apparatus and processing steps used to prepare particles of the electrochemically active material of the …
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially spherical structure. [0023]
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially crumpled structure. …
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
FIG. 5 shows the discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency test results of lithium ion cells comprising an anode Attorney Docket No.: 3018- 009US consisting of …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemically active material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising electrochemically active core particles encapsulated within a shell consisting of a graphene material, wherein: the graphene material is selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 1 p m to 20 pm; the composite particle have a BET surface area of less than about 75 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; the core particles comprise silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof and have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area ranges from about 5 m 2/g to about 40 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 15 m 2/g to about 65 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a spherical structure. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the core particles comprise at least 50 weight percent of the total weight of the composite particles. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from about 2.3 p m to about 4.3 pm. Original
An electrode comprising: the electrochemically active material of claim 1; and a binder. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
15-20. Canceled
Canceled
An electrode material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising: core particles comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereo f; and a shell that encapsulates the core particles and consists of a graphene material selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, wherein: the core particles have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; the composite particles have a particle size greater than 1 micrometer; the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 80 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein: the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20 the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 2.3 p m to 4.3 p m; and the BET surface area ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 35 m 2/g. Previously presented
A battery comprising: an anode comprising the electrode material of claim 21; a cathode; a casing housing the anode and cathode; and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the shell isolates the core particles and prevents the core particles from contacting the electrolyte, wherein a stable SEI layer can form only outside the shell. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
silicon/silicon oxide core particles
graphene material shell (graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 1 upper limit) | ≤ 75 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 21 upper limit) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,189,825Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the apparatus and processing steps used to prepare particles of the electrochemically active material of the …
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially spherical structure. [0023]
FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present application having a substantially crumpled structure. …
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
FIG. 5 shows the discharge capacity and Coulombic efficiency test results of lithium ion cells comprising an anode Attorney Docket No.: 3018- 009US consisting of …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
An electrochemically active material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising electrochemically active core particles encapsulated within a shell consisting of a graphene material, wherein: the graphene material is selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 1 p m to 20 pm; the composite particle have a BET surface area of less than about 75 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; the core particles comprise silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereof and have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area ranges from about 5 m 2/g to about 40 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 15 m 2/g to about 65 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the BET surface area of the composite particles ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have a spherical structure. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the core particles comprise at least 50 weight percent of the total weight of the composite particles. Previously presented
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from about 2.3 p m to about 4.3 pm. Original
An electrode comprising: the electrochemically active material of claim 1; and a binder. Original
The electrochemically active material of claim 1, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Canceled
15-20. Canceled
Canceled
An electrode material comprising composite particles, each composite particle comprising: core particles comprising silicon, silicon oxide, or a combination thereo f; and a shell that encapsulates the core particles and consists of a graphene material selected from graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof, wherein: the core particles have an average particle size ranging from 50 nm to 100 nm; the composite particles have a particle size greater than 1 micrometer; the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 80 m 2/g, due to a structure of the graphene material; and the shell encapsulates the core particles such that a void space is present between the core particles and the shell, and the shell is configured to permit xpansion of the core particles during lithiation, without rupturing the shell.. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein: the composite particles have a silicon to graphene material weight ratio ranging from 70:30 to 80:20 the composite particles have an average particle size ranging from 2.3 p m to 4.3 p m; and the BET surface area ranges from about 35 m 2/g to about 60 m 2/g. Previously presented
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the composite particles have a BET surface area of less than 35 m 2/g. Previously presented
A battery comprising: an anode comprising the electrode material of claim 21; a cathode; a casing housing the anode and cathode; and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the shell isolates the core particles and prevents the core particles from contacting the electrolyte, wherein a stable SEI layer can form only outside the shell. Currently amended
The electrode material of claim 21, wherein the shell is not a conformal coating formed on the core particles. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle
silicon/silicon oxide core particles
graphene material shell (graphene, reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, or combinations thereof)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are scanning electron microscope images showing a magnified image of a particle of the electrochemically active material of the present …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 1 upper limit) | ≤ 75 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 21 upper limit) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
lithium ion battery
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamides, polyimides, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or mixtures thereof)
conductive additive (carbon black, electrically conductive polymer, graphite, metallic powder, nickel, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel)
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 3 range) | 5–40 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 4 range) | 15–65 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 5/claim 22 range) | 35–60 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
First Coulombic efficiency of electrochemically active material of present application | 87 % | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Gravimetric capacity of electrochemically active material of present application | 2000 mAh/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Active material loading of electrode in present application | 1.2 mg/cm2 | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
lithium ion battery
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamides, polyimides, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or mixtures thereof)
conductive additive (carbon black, electrically conductive polymer, graphite, metallic powder, nickel, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel)
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 3 range) | 5–40 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 4 range) | 15–65 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 5/claim 22 range) | 35–60 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
First Coulombic efficiency of electrochemically active material of present application | 87 % | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Gravimetric capacity of electrochemically active material of present application | 2000 mAh/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Active material loading of electrode in present application | 1.2 mg/cm2 | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
lithium ion battery
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamides, polyimides, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or mixtures thereof)
conductive additive (carbon black, electrically conductive polymer, graphite, metallic powder, nickel, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel)
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 3 range) | 5–40 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 4 range) | 15–65 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 5/claim 22 range) | 35–60 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
First Coulombic efficiency of electrochemically active material of present application | 87 % | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Gravimetric capacity of electrochemically active material of present application | 2000 mAh/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Active material loading of electrode in present application | 1.2 mg/cm2 | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
lithium ion battery
binder (PTFE, PVDF, poly(acrylic) acid, ETFE, polyamides, polyimides, polyethylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, cellulose, polyacrylate rubber, or mixtures thereof)
conductive additive (carbon black, electrically conductive polymer, graphite, metallic powder, nickel, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel)
graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 3 range) | 5–40 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 4 range) | 15–65 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
BET surface area of composite particles (claim 5/claim 22 range) | 35–60 m2/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
First Coulombic efficiency of electrochemically active material of present application | 87 % | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Gravimetric capacity of electrochemically active material of present application | 2000 mAh/g | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Active material loading of electrode in present application | 1.2 mg/cm2 | graphene-encapsulated silicon/silicon oxide composite particle |
Duration | 1800–7200 s | — |
Duration | 30–1800 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 2–24 hours | — |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 150 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 300 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |