Patent
US 11,098,175IN SITU EXFOLIATION METHOD TO FABRICATE A GRAPHENE-REINFORCED POLYMER MATRIX COMPOSITE
Thomas Nosker
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,098,175Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1, a method according to the present disclosure is depicted in a flow chart illustrating the various steps that an in situ exfoliation method of …
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
FIG. 3. In (a-c), a 20 p m scale and 1,000X magnification shows good distribution of multi-layer graphene or graphene within the PSU matrix at each mixing time. …
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
The samples for XRD analysis were prepared by pressing thin films of each sample 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC at 23 0o C and 5,500 psi over a 2 minute time period. Each sample was positioned between aluminum sheets prior to pressing using a Carver Uniaxial Press with heated platens.
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 50% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 90% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 75% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is doped with other elements to modify a surface chemistry of the exfoliated graphene nanoparticles. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is expanded graphite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein a surface chemistry or nanostructure of the dispersed graphite is modified to enhance bond strength with the polymer matrix to increase strength and stiffness of the graphene composite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphene nanoparticles are directionally aligned thereby providing one-, two- or th r ee-dimensional reinforcement of the polymer matrix phase. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein said graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite contains residual graphite microparticles. Original
A graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite prepared by the method of Claim 1, wherein the composite comprises contamination-free graphene-polymer interfaces and wherein the polymer adheres to or is covalently bonded to the graphene-polymer interfaces. Previously presented
Diffraction patterns of the pressed films were acquired using a Philips X P ert powder Diffractometer with sample changer (Xpert) at 40kV and 45mA with an incident slit thickness of 0.3 mm from 4 0-70 0 26 and a step size of 0.02 0 26.
Diffraction patterns were uploaded into WinPLOTR Powder diffraction graphics tool, without What is claimed is:
The method of Claim 3, wherein the graphite particles are extracted from the micron-sized particle mixture by a flotation method. Original
25-38.. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials2 process steps
Thin films of 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC samples (2 wt% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone, mixed for 3 min, 30 min, and 90 min respectively) were pressed at 230°C and 5,500 psi for 2 minutes using a Carver Uniaxial Press. XRD was acquired using a Philips XPert powder diffractometer at 40 kV and 45 mA. The Debye-Scherrer equation was applied to FWHM of the (002) peak to determine crystal thickness: 3G-PMC: D=40 nm, FWHM=0.202°, d-spacing=3.361 nm; 30G-PMC: D=31 nm, FWHM=0.257°, d-spacing=3.353 nm; 90G-PMC: D=23 nm, FWHM=0.353°, d-spacing=3.387 nm. The 90G-PMC sample exhibited the smallest crystal size (8.29 nm graphene nanoparticle thickness as shown in FIG. 4). Morphology from SEM showed good distribution of graphene within PSU matrix and evidence of micro-folding.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite (G-PMC)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
thermoplastic polymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 3G-PMC | 40 nm | 3G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 30G-PMC |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,098,175Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1, a method according to the present disclosure is depicted in a flow chart illustrating the various steps that an in situ exfoliation method of …
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
FIG. 3. In (a-c), a 20 p m scale and 1,000X magnification shows good distribution of multi-layer graphene or graphene within the PSU matrix at each mixing time. …
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
The samples for XRD analysis were prepared by pressing thin films of each sample 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC at 23 0o C and 5,500 psi over a 2 minute time period. Each sample was positioned between aluminum sheets prior to pressing using a Carver Uniaxial Press with heated platens.
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 50% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 90% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 75% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is doped with other elements to modify a surface chemistry of the exfoliated graphene nanoparticles. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is expanded graphite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein a surface chemistry or nanostructure of the dispersed graphite is modified to enhance bond strength with the polymer matrix to increase strength and stiffness of the graphene composite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphene nanoparticles are directionally aligned thereby providing one-, two- or th r ee-dimensional reinforcement of the polymer matrix phase. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein said graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite contains residual graphite microparticles. Original
A graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite prepared by the method of Claim 1, wherein the composite comprises contamination-free graphene-polymer interfaces and wherein the polymer adheres to or is covalently bonded to the graphene-polymer interfaces. Previously presented
Diffraction patterns of the pressed films were acquired using a Philips X P ert powder Diffractometer with sample changer (Xpert) at 40kV and 45mA with an incident slit thickness of 0.3 mm from 4 0-70 0 26 and a step size of 0.02 0 26.
Diffraction patterns were uploaded into WinPLOTR Powder diffraction graphics tool, without What is claimed is:
The method of Claim 3, wherein the graphite particles are extracted from the micron-sized particle mixture by a flotation method. Original
25-38.. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials2 process steps
Thin films of 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC samples (2 wt% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone, mixed for 3 min, 30 min, and 90 min respectively) were pressed at 230°C and 5,500 psi for 2 minutes using a Carver Uniaxial Press. XRD was acquired using a Philips XPert powder diffractometer at 40 kV and 45 mA. The Debye-Scherrer equation was applied to FWHM of the (002) peak to determine crystal thickness: 3G-PMC: D=40 nm, FWHM=0.202°, d-spacing=3.361 nm; 30G-PMC: D=31 nm, FWHM=0.257°, d-spacing=3.353 nm; 90G-PMC: D=23 nm, FWHM=0.353°, d-spacing=3.387 nm. The 90G-PMC sample exhibited the smallest crystal size (8.29 nm graphene nanoparticle thickness as shown in FIG. 4). Morphology from SEM showed good distribution of graphene within PSU matrix and evidence of micro-folding.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite (G-PMC)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
thermoplastic polymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 3G-PMC | 40 nm | 3G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 30G-PMC |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,098,175Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1, a method according to the present disclosure is depicted in a flow chart illustrating the various steps that an in situ exfoliation method of …
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
FIG. 3. In (a-c), a 20 p m scale and 1,000X magnification shows good distribution of multi-layer graphene or graphene within the PSU matrix at each mixing time. …
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
The samples for XRD analysis were prepared by pressing thin films of each sample 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC at 23 0o C and 5,500 psi over a 2 minute time period. Each sample was positioned between aluminum sheets prior to pressing using a Carver Uniaxial Press with heated platens.
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 50% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 90% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 75% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is doped with other elements to modify a surface chemistry of the exfoliated graphene nanoparticles. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is expanded graphite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein a surface chemistry or nanostructure of the dispersed graphite is modified to enhance bond strength with the polymer matrix to increase strength and stiffness of the graphene composite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphene nanoparticles are directionally aligned thereby providing one-, two- or th r ee-dimensional reinforcement of the polymer matrix phase. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein said graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite contains residual graphite microparticles. Original
A graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite prepared by the method of Claim 1, wherein the composite comprises contamination-free graphene-polymer interfaces and wherein the polymer adheres to or is covalently bonded to the graphene-polymer interfaces. Previously presented
Diffraction patterns of the pressed films were acquired using a Philips X P ert powder Diffractometer with sample changer (Xpert) at 40kV and 45mA with an incident slit thickness of 0.3 mm from 4 0-70 0 26 and a step size of 0.02 0 26.
Diffraction patterns were uploaded into WinPLOTR Powder diffraction graphics tool, without What is claimed is:
The method of Claim 3, wherein the graphite particles are extracted from the micron-sized particle mixture by a flotation method. Original
25-38.. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials2 process steps
Thin films of 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC samples (2 wt% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone, mixed for 3 min, 30 min, and 90 min respectively) were pressed at 230°C and 5,500 psi for 2 minutes using a Carver Uniaxial Press. XRD was acquired using a Philips XPert powder diffractometer at 40 kV and 45 mA. The Debye-Scherrer equation was applied to FWHM of the (002) peak to determine crystal thickness: 3G-PMC: D=40 nm, FWHM=0.202°, d-spacing=3.361 nm; 30G-PMC: D=31 nm, FWHM=0.257°, d-spacing=3.353 nm; 90G-PMC: D=23 nm, FWHM=0.353°, d-spacing=3.387 nm. The 90G-PMC sample exhibited the smallest crystal size (8.29 nm graphene nanoparticle thickness as shown in FIG. 4). Morphology from SEM showed good distribution of graphene within PSU matrix and evidence of micro-folding.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite (G-PMC)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
thermoplastic polymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 3G-PMC | 40 nm | 3G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 30G-PMC |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,098,175Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1, a method according to the present disclosure is depicted in a flow chart illustrating the various steps that an in situ exfoliation method of …
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
FIG. 3. In (a-c), a 20 p m scale and 1,000X magnification shows good distribution of multi-layer graphene or graphene within the PSU matrix at each mixing time. …
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
The samples for XRD analysis were prepared by pressing thin films of each sample 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC at 23 0o C and 5,500 psi over a 2 minute time period. Each sample was positioned between aluminum sheets prior to pressing using a Carver Uniaxial Press with heated platens.
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 50% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 90% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the succession of shear strain events is applied until at least 75% by weight of the graphite is exfoliated to form a distribution in the molten polymer phase of single- and multi-layer graphene nanoparticles less than 10 nanometers thick along the c-axis direction. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is doped with other elements to modify a surface chemistry of the exfoliated graphene nanoparticles. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphite is expanded graphite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein a surface chemistry or nanostructure of the dispersed graphite is modified to enhance bond strength with the polymer matrix to increase strength and stiffness of the graphene composite. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein the graphene nanoparticles are directionally aligned thereby providing one-, two- or th r ee-dimensional reinforcement of the polymer matrix phase. Original
The method of Claim 1, wherein said graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite contains residual graphite microparticles. Original
A graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite prepared by the method of Claim 1, wherein the composite comprises contamination-free graphene-polymer interfaces and wherein the polymer adheres to or is covalently bonded to the graphene-polymer interfaces. Previously presented
Diffraction patterns of the pressed films were acquired using a Philips X P ert powder Diffractometer with sample changer (Xpert) at 40kV and 45mA with an incident slit thickness of 0.3 mm from 4 0-70 0 26 and a step size of 0.02 0 26.
Diffraction patterns were uploaded into WinPLOTR Powder diffraction graphics tool, without What is claimed is:
The method of Claim 3, wherein the graphite particles are extracted from the micron-sized particle mixture by a flotation method. Original
25-38.. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
5 materials2 process steps
Thin films of 3G-PMC, 30G-PMC, and 90G-PMC samples (2 wt% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone, mixed for 3 min, 30 min, and 90 min respectively) were pressed at 230°C and 5,500 psi for 2 minutes using a Carver Uniaxial Press. XRD was acquired using a Philips XPert powder diffractometer at 40 kV and 45 mA. The Debye-Scherrer equation was applied to FWHM of the (002) peak to determine crystal thickness: 3G-PMC: D=40 nm, FWHM=0.202°, d-spacing=3.361 nm; 30G-PMC: D=31 nm, FWHM=0.257°, d-spacing=3.353 nm; 90G-PMC: D=23 nm, FWHM=0.353°, d-spacing=3.387 nm. The 90G-PMC sample exhibited the smallest crystal size (8.29 nm graphene nanoparticle thickness as shown in FIG. 4). Morphology from SEM showed good distribution of graphene within PSU matrix and evidence of micro-folding.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composite (G-PMC)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
thermoplastic polymer
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2. The ISS of graphite ranges between 0.2 MPa-7 GPa, but a new method has quantified the ISS at 0.14 GPa. Thus, to mechanically exfoliate graphite in a …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 3G-PMC | 40 nm | 3G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 30G-PMC |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
| 31 nm |
30G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 90G-PMC | 23 nm | 90G-PMC |
graphene nanoparticle thickness — 90G-PMC (FIG. 4) | 8.29 nm | 90G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 3G-PMC | 0.202 deg | 3G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 30G-PMC | 0.257 deg | 30G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 90G-PMC | 0.353 deg | 90G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 3G-PMC | 3.361 nm | 3G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 30G-PMC | 3.353 nm | 30G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 90G-PMC | 3.387 nm | 90G-PMC |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | 1–1000 µm | — |
Thickness | 100–750 µm | — |
Duration | 100–10000 sec | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
| 31 nm |
30G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 90G-PMC | 23 nm | 90G-PMC |
graphene nanoparticle thickness — 90G-PMC (FIG. 4) | 8.29 nm | 90G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 3G-PMC | 0.202 deg | 3G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 30G-PMC | 0.257 deg | 30G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 90G-PMC | 0.353 deg | 90G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 3G-PMC | 3.361 nm | 3G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 30G-PMC | 3.353 nm | 30G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 90G-PMC | 3.387 nm | 90G-PMC |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | 1–1000 µm | — |
Thickness | 100–750 µm | — |
Duration | 100–10000 sec | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
| 31 nm |
30G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 90G-PMC | 23 nm | 90G-PMC |
graphene nanoparticle thickness — 90G-PMC (FIG. 4) | 8.29 nm | 90G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 3G-PMC | 0.202 deg | 3G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 30G-PMC | 0.257 deg | 30G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 90G-PMC | 0.353 deg | 90G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 3G-PMC | 3.361 nm | 3G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 30G-PMC | 3.353 nm | 30G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 90G-PMC | 3.387 nm | 90G-PMC |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | 1–1000 µm | — |
Thickness | 100–750 µm | — |
Duration | 100–10000 sec | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
FIG. 4, mechanical exfoliation has reduced the graphene nanoparticle thickness in the 90G-PMC sample to 8.29 nm. [0080] X-ray Diffraction Results [0081] The …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 5 illustrates a graph of the Debye-Sche rr er Equation applied to the average XRD results from each 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an …
FIG. 6 illustrates a graph depicting the crystal size versus FWHM of 2% graphite exfoliated in polysulfone according to an in s i tu ex toblatl on method o f …
| 31 nm |
30G-PMC |
crystal thickness D (Debye-Scherrer, c-axis) — 90G-PMC | 23 nm | 90G-PMC |
graphene nanoparticle thickness — 90G-PMC (FIG. 4) | 8.29 nm | 90G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 3G-PMC | 0.202 deg | 3G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 30G-PMC | 0.257 deg | 30G-PMC |
XRD (002) FWHM — 90G-PMC | 0.353 deg | 90G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 3G-PMC | 3.361 nm | 3G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 30G-PMC | 3.353 nm | 30G-PMC |
XRD d-spacing — 90G-PMC | 3.387 nm | 90G-PMC |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | 1–1000 µm | — |
Thickness | 100–750 µm | — |
Duration | 100–10000 sec | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |