FIG. 1. At block 132, a quartz substrate is provided. A form of carbon is then provided above an upper surface of the quartz substrate at block 134. The form …

FIG. 2. Initially, a quartz substrate 140 was provided. The quartz substrate in this example was a 1 X 2 cm quartz wafer which was cleaned by ultra-sonication …

FIG. 3). The quartz wafer 146 was previously cleaned and dried in the same manner as the quartz substrate 140. The quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 …

FIG. 4. In this 20 embodiment, the photoresist layer 142 was exposed to the beam 148 at 2.8 Watt for five minutes. [0032] The focused beam 148 resulted in a …

FIG. 5. The quartz wafer 146 inhibited movement of the form of carbon 152 while allowing some gasses formed by the decomposition of the photoresist layer 142 …

FIG. 6). 10 [0033] For purpose of this example, the quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 were then moved by the high precision piezoelectric stage and a …

FIG. 7 shows an optical micrograph of a 4 x 4 laser processed area of the quartz substrate 140 with a pattern 160 of one or more graphene layers 154, with a 5 …

FIG. 8. The circle 166 corresponds to the outer boundary of the rings 162. [0037] FIG s. 9 and 10 are atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the one or more …

FIG. 9. The circle 166 of

FIG. 10 shows that the apex area 168 is relatively flat. 5 [0039] The nature and quality of graphene dots 154 formed by laser irradiation were evaluated using …

FIG. 11 depicts Raman mapping of the ID/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 12 depicts Raman mapping of the I 2D/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 13 depicts the Raman spectra from the marked points in FIG s. 11 and 12; [0021]

FIG. 14 was taken after a five second exposure with the laser beam 148. A caref u l examination of the image 200 reveals a circle beginning to form slightly …

FIG. 15. The Raman spectra 204 shows a slight modification from a Raman spectra 206 which was obtained prior to exposing the quartz substrate 140, 15 …

FIG. 16 indicates the graphene domain size was increasing gradually with laser illumination time, indicating the graphene crystallization process. [0061] FIG …

FIG. 17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0026] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the 10 disclosure, reference will now be made to the …

FIG. 18 reveal sheet resistance values in the range of 780 -805 Q/sq. T his value is comparable with values measured for wet-transferred graphene layers (650 …

FIG. 1. At block 132, a quartz substrate is provided. A form of carbon is then provided above an upper surface of the quartz substrate at block 134. The form …

FIG. 2. Initially, a quartz substrate 140 was provided. The quartz substrate in this example was a 1 X 2 cm quartz wafer which was cleaned by ultra-sonication …

FIG. 3). The quartz wafer 146 was previously cleaned and dried in the same manner as the quartz substrate 140. The quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 …

FIG. 4. In this 20 embodiment, the photoresist layer 142 was exposed to the beam 148 at 2.8 Watt for five minutes. [0032] The focused beam 148 resulted in a …

FIG. 5. The quartz wafer 146 inhibited movement of the form of carbon 152 while allowing some gasses formed by the decomposition of the photoresist layer 142 …

FIG. 6). 10 [0033] For purpose of this example, the quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 were then moved by the high precision piezoelectric stage and a …

FIG. 7 shows an optical micrograph of a 4 x 4 laser processed area of the quartz substrate 140 with a pattern 160 of one or more graphene layers 154, with a 5 …

FIG. 8. The circle 166 corresponds to the outer boundary of the rings 162. [0037] FIG s. 9 and 10 are atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the one or more …

FIG. 9. The circle 166 of

FIG. 10 shows that the apex area 168 is relatively flat. 5 [0039] The nature and quality of graphene dots 154 formed by laser irradiation were evaluated using …

FIG. 11 depicts Raman mapping of the ID/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 12 depicts Raman mapping of the I 2D/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 13 depicts the Raman spectra from the marked points in FIG s. 11 and 12; [0021]

FIG. 14 was taken after a five second exposure with the laser beam 148. A caref u l examination of the image 200 reveals a circle beginning to form slightly …

FIG. 15. The Raman spectra 204 shows a slight modification from a Raman spectra 206 which was obtained prior to exposing the quartz substrate 140, 15 …

FIG. 16 indicates the graphene domain size was increasing gradually with laser illumination time, indicating the graphene crystallization process. [0061] FIG …

FIG. 17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0026] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the 10 disclosure, reference will now be made to the …

FIG. 18 reveal sheet resistance values in the range of 780 -805 Q/sq. T his value is comparable with values measured for wet-transferred graphene layers (650 …

FIG. 1. At block 132, a quartz substrate is provided. A form of carbon is then provided above an upper surface of the quartz substrate at block 134. The form …

FIG. 2. Initially, a quartz substrate 140 was provided. The quartz substrate in this example was a 1 X 2 cm quartz wafer which was cleaned by ultra-sonication …

FIG. 3). The quartz wafer 146 was previously cleaned and dried in the same manner as the quartz substrate 140. The quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 …

FIG. 4. In this 20 embodiment, the photoresist layer 142 was exposed to the beam 148 at 2.8 Watt for five minutes. [0032] The focused beam 148 resulted in a …

FIG. 5. The quartz wafer 146 inhibited movement of the form of carbon 152 while allowing some gasses formed by the decomposition of the photoresist layer 142 …

FIG. 6). 10 [0033] For purpose of this example, the quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 were then moved by the high precision piezoelectric stage and a …

FIG. 7 shows an optical micrograph of a 4 x 4 laser processed area of the quartz substrate 140 with a pattern 160 of one or more graphene layers 154, with a 5 …

FIG. 8. The circle 166 corresponds to the outer boundary of the rings 162. [0037] FIG s. 9 and 10 are atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the one or more …

FIG. 9. The circle 166 of

FIG. 10 shows that the apex area 168 is relatively flat. 5 [0039] The nature and quality of graphene dots 154 formed by laser irradiation were evaluated using …

FIG. 11 depicts Raman mapping of the ID/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 12 depicts Raman mapping of the I 2D/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 13 depicts the Raman spectra from the marked points in FIG s. 11 and 12; [0021]

FIG. 14 was taken after a five second exposure with the laser beam 148. A caref u l examination of the image 200 reveals a circle beginning to form slightly …

FIG. 15. The Raman spectra 204 shows a slight modification from a Raman spectra 206 which was obtained prior to exposing the quartz substrate 140, 15 …

FIG. 16 indicates the graphene domain size was increasing gradually with laser illumination time, indicating the graphene crystallization process. [0061] FIG …

FIG. 17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0026] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the 10 disclosure, reference will now be made to the …

FIG. 18 reveal sheet resistance values in the range of 780 -805 Q/sq. T his value is comparable with values measured for wet-transferred graphene layers (650 …

FIG. 1. At block 132, a quartz substrate is provided. A form of carbon is then provided above an upper surface of the quartz substrate at block 134. The form …

FIG. 2. Initially, a quartz substrate 140 was provided. The quartz substrate in this example was a 1 X 2 cm quartz wafer which was cleaned by ultra-sonication …

FIG. 3). The quartz wafer 146 was previously cleaned and dried in the same manner as the quartz substrate 140. The quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 …

FIG. 4. In this 20 embodiment, the photoresist layer 142 was exposed to the beam 148 at 2.8 Watt for five minutes. [0032] The focused beam 148 resulted in a …

FIG. 5. The quartz wafer 146 inhibited movement of the form of carbon 152 while allowing some gasses formed by the decomposition of the photoresist layer 142 …

FIG. 6). 10 [0033] For purpose of this example, the quartz substrate 140 and quartz wafer 146 were then moved by the high precision piezoelectric stage and a …

FIG. 7 shows an optical micrograph of a 4 x 4 laser processed area of the quartz substrate 140 with a pattern 160 of one or more graphene layers 154, with a 5 …

FIG. 8. The circle 166 corresponds to the outer boundary of the rings 162. [0037] FIG s. 9 and 10 are atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the one or more …

FIG. 9. The circle 166 of

FIG. 10 shows that the apex area 168 is relatively flat. 5 [0039] The nature and quality of graphene dots 154 formed by laser irradiation were evaluated using …

FIG. 11 depicts Raman mapping of the ID/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 12 depicts Raman mapping of the I 2D/IG ratio of the graphene dot of

FIG. 13 depicts the Raman spectra from the marked points in FIG s. 11 and 12; [0021]

FIG. 14 was taken after a five second exposure with the laser beam 148. A caref u l examination of the image 200 reveals a circle beginning to form slightly …

FIG. 15. The Raman spectra 204 shows a slight modification from a Raman spectra 206 which was obtained prior to exposing the quartz substrate 140, 15 …

FIG. 16 indicates the graphene domain size was increasing gradually with laser illumination time, indicating the graphene crystallization process. [0061] FIG …

FIG. 17. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0026] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the 10 disclosure, reference will now be made to the …

FIG. 18 reveal sheet resistance values in the range of 780 -805 Q/sq. T his value is comparable with values measured for wet-transferred graphene layers (650 …