Patent
US 10,581,062Nanocubic Co₃O₄/Few-Layer Graphene Composites and Related Anode Components
Jinsong Wu
US
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Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,581,062Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o30 4 particles. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said particles have a cubic morphology and said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 1 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A hydrothermal method of preparing -04 the composite of claim 1, said method comprising: providing a medium comprising the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, aqueous dimethylformamide, and cobalt(II) acetate, said graphene sheet component comprising 2- to about 30 graphene layers; introducing said medium to an autoclave reaction vessel; and reacting said medium under seal and at least one of a temperature and a pressure for a time sufficient to hydrothermally provide C₀ 4 he composite of claim 1. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component is characterized by the absence of a peak at about 1204 cm 1 as measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Previously presented
The composite of claim 1, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising 2- about 30 graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising crystalline C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, each said graphene layer having two opposed sides and said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on each said side of a said graphene layer, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to or g anic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o 304 particles. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 11 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 11 incorporated into an anode component of a lithium-ion electrical power cell. Original
The composite of claim 11, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A lithium-ion electrical power cell, said cell comprising an anode comprising a composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising C o30 4 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic ca g e surrounding the C 0 304 particles. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
The power cell of claim 18 arranged in a battery of said power cells. Original
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10-about 20 graphene layers. Previously presented
The power cell of claim 18, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to acetate anions. New
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
4 materials1 process step
Few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) prepared by sonicating expanded graphite in DMF solvent. A one-pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate monodisperse ultrasmall Co₃O₄ nanocubes (~4 nm) on the FLGS using cobalt(II) acetate in aqueous DMF in an autoclave at ~120-130°C. Co(OH)2 initially grows homogeneously on the graphene surface, then oxidizes to form Co₃O₄ nanoparticle seeds, which convert to Co₃O₄ nanocubes with carboxylate anion capping. Products characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, SEM, STEM, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
organic counter ions (anionic cage)
carboxylate anions
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
interplanar spacing consistent with (100) plane of cubic Co3O4 | 0.202 nm | Co₃O₄ |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,581,062Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o30 4 particles. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said particles have a cubic morphology and said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 1 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A hydrothermal method of preparing -04 the composite of claim 1, said method comprising: providing a medium comprising the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, aqueous dimethylformamide, and cobalt(II) acetate, said graphene sheet component comprising 2- to about 30 graphene layers; introducing said medium to an autoclave reaction vessel; and reacting said medium under seal and at least one of a temperature and a pressure for a time sufficient to hydrothermally provide C₀ 4 he composite of claim 1. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component is characterized by the absence of a peak at about 1204 cm 1 as measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Previously presented
The composite of claim 1, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising 2- about 30 graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising crystalline C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, each said graphene layer having two opposed sides and said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on each said side of a said graphene layer, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to or g anic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o 304 particles. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 11 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 11 incorporated into an anode component of a lithium-ion electrical power cell. Original
The composite of claim 11, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A lithium-ion electrical power cell, said cell comprising an anode comprising a composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising C o30 4 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic ca g e surrounding the C 0 304 particles. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
The power cell of claim 18 arranged in a battery of said power cells. Original
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10-about 20 graphene layers. Previously presented
The power cell of claim 18, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to acetate anions. New
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
4 materials1 process step
Few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) prepared by sonicating expanded graphite in DMF solvent. A one-pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate monodisperse ultrasmall Co₃O₄ nanocubes (~4 nm) on the FLGS using cobalt(II) acetate in aqueous DMF in an autoclave at ~120-130°C. Co(OH)2 initially grows homogeneously on the graphene surface, then oxidizes to form Co₃O₄ nanoparticle seeds, which convert to Co₃O₄ nanocubes with carboxylate anion capping. Products characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, SEM, STEM, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
organic counter ions (anionic cage)
carboxylate anions
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
interplanar spacing consistent with (100) plane of cubic Co3O4 | 0.202 nm | Co₃O₄ |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,581,062Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o30 4 particles. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said particles have a cubic morphology and said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 1 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A hydrothermal method of preparing -04 the composite of claim 1, said method comprising: providing a medium comprising the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, aqueous dimethylformamide, and cobalt(II) acetate, said graphene sheet component comprising 2- to about 30 graphene layers; introducing said medium to an autoclave reaction vessel; and reacting said medium under seal and at least one of a temperature and a pressure for a time sufficient to hydrothermally provide C₀ 4 he composite of claim 1. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component is characterized by the absence of a peak at about 1204 cm 1 as measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Previously presented
The composite of claim 1, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising 2- about 30 graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising crystalline C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, each said graphene layer having two opposed sides and said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on each said side of a said graphene layer, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to or g anic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o 304 particles. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 11 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 11 incorporated into an anode component of a lithium-ion electrical power cell. Original
The composite of claim 11, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A lithium-ion electrical power cell, said cell comprising an anode comprising a composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising C o30 4 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic ca g e surrounding the C 0 304 particles. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
The power cell of claim 18 arranged in a battery of said power cells. Original
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10-about 20 graphene layers. Previously presented
The power cell of claim 18, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to acetate anions. New
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
4 materials1 process step
Few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) prepared by sonicating expanded graphite in DMF solvent. A one-pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate monodisperse ultrasmall Co₃O₄ nanocubes (~4 nm) on the FLGS using cobalt(II) acetate in aqueous DMF in an autoclave at ~120-130°C. Co(OH)2 initially grows homogeneously on the graphene surface, then oxidizes to form Co₃O₄ nanoparticle seeds, which convert to Co₃O₄ nanocubes with carboxylate anion capping. Products characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, SEM, STEM, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
organic counter ions (anionic cage)
carboxylate anions
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
interplanar spacing consistent with (100) plane of cubic Co3O4 | 0.202 nm | Co₃O₄ |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,581,062Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o30 4 particles. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said particles have a cubic morphology and said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 1 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A hydrothermal method of preparing -04 the composite of claim 1, said method comprising: providing a medium comprising the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, aqueous dimethylformamide, and cobalt(II) acetate, said graphene sheet component comprising 2- to about 30 graphene layers; introducing said medium to an autoclave reaction vessel; and reacting said medium under seal and at least one of a temperature and a pressure for a time sufficient to hydrothermally provide C₀ 4 he composite of claim 1. Currently amended
The composite of claim 1 wherein the substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component is characterized by the absence of a peak at about 1204 cm 1 as measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Previously presented
The composite of claim 1, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising 2- about 30 graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising crystalline C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, each said graphene layer having two opposed sides and said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on each said side of a said graphene layer, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to or g anic counter ions in the form of an anionic cage surrounding the C o 304 particles. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said organic counter ions are carboxylate anions. Currently amended
A composite of claim 11 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The composite of claim 11 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10- about 20 graphene layers. Original
The composite of claim 11 incorporated into an anode component of a lithium-ion electrical power cell. Original
The composite of claim 11, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A lithium-ion electrical power cell, said cell comprising an anode comprising a composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers, said graphene sheet component substantially unoxidized; and particles comprising C o30 4 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned and having a cubic morphology, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step to provide said substantially unoxidized graphene sheet component, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C o30 4 particles are bound to organic counter ions in the form of an anionic ca g e surrounding the C 0 304 particles. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein each said graphene layer has two opposed sides, and said particles are coupled to each side of a said graphene layer. Original
The power cell of claim 18 arranged in a battery of said power cells. Original
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said cubic particles have an average edge dimension of about 4 nm. Currently amended
The power cell of claim 18 wherein said graphene sheet component comprises about 10-about 20 graphene layers. Previously presented
The power cell of claim 18, wherein the organic counter ions are acetate anions. New
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
(Cancelled.) Canceled
A composite comprising a graphene sheet component comprising a plurality of graphene layers; and particles comprising C o 304 coupled thereto, each said particle nanodimensioned, said particles dispersed substantially uniformly on said graphene sheet component, wherein said graphene component is a mechanical exfoliation product of an expandable graphite source material which has not been subjected to an oxidation step so that said graphene sheet component is substantially unoxidized, and wherein Co + 3 cations at a surface of said C 0 304 particles are bound to acetate anions. New
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
4 materials1 process step
Few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) prepared by sonicating expanded graphite in DMF solvent. A one-pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate monodisperse ultrasmall Co₃O₄ nanocubes (~4 nm) on the FLGS using cobalt(II) acetate in aqueous DMF in an autoclave at ~120-130°C. Co(OH)2 initially grows homogeneously on the graphene surface, then oxidizes to form Co₃O₄ nanoparticle seeds, which convert to Co₃O₄ nanocubes with carboxylate anion capping. Products characterized by TEM, FTIR, XPS, SEM, STEM, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
lithium-ion battery anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
organic counter ions (anionic cage)
carboxylate anions
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
interplanar spacing consistent with (100) plane of cubic Co3O4 | 0.202 nm | Co₃O₄ |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
acetate anions
CH₃COO-
expandable graphite
| 26.5 deg |
few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) |
Voltage | 0.01–3 V | — |
Thickness | 70–100 nm | — |
acetate anions
CH₃COO-
expandable graphite
| 26.5 deg |
few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) |
Voltage | 0.01–3 V | — |
Thickness | 70–100 nm | — |
acetate anions
CH₃COO-
expandable graphite
| 26.5 deg |
few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) |
Voltage | 0.01–3 V | — |
Thickness | 70–100 nm | — |
acetate anions
CH₃COO-
expandable graphite
| 26.5 deg |
few-layer graphene sheet (FLGS) |
Voltage | 0.01–3 V | — |
Thickness | 70–100 nm | — |