Patent
US 11,121,360Supercritical Fluid Production of Graphene-Based Supercapacitor Electrode from Coke or Coal
Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,121,360Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing 13 graphene-based supercapacitor electrode.
FIG.2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
FIG.3 Electrode specific capacitance of supercapacitors using an organic electrolyte 5 (acetonitrile) and graphene produced from coal and graphite, respectively.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form a supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 4 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein particles of said coal powder have never been previously intercalated or oxidized prior to step (a). Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercapacitor electrode is in a paper sheet, porous film, porous filament, porous rod, or porous tube form. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a fluid selected from carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 0 2), methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide (N 2 0), ozone, sulfonic vapor (SO 3), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) is conducted under the influence of ultrasonic waves. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of essentially repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjectin g said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) rapidly depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient for effecting further exfoliation and separation of graphene sheets. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said super c ritical fluid contains a surfactant or dispersing agent dissolved therein. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, organic amine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraal k yammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hex am ethylenetetramine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1- pyrenamine, poly(sodium⁻⁴-styrene sulfonate), silicone surfactants, fluoro-surfactants, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate. poly (sodi u m 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium sulfate. sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
(Ori g inal) The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains therein an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains a coating agent dissolved therein. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium comprises water, an organic solvent, alcohol, a monomer, an oligomer. or a combination thereof. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a monomer or an oligomer dispersed in said liquid medium and said step (c) is followed by polymerization of said monomer or oligomer to form a polymer. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium of step (b) further comprises a polymer dissolved or dispersed in said liquid medium and said isolated graphene sheets are mixed with said polymer to form a composite composition as said graphene suspension. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (b) comprises discharging said isolated g raphene sheets, during or after said depressurizing, into said liquid medium. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing said suspension onto a surface or two surfaces of a current collector to form said electrode in a film form having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing and heat treating said suspension to form a layer of g raphene foam having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises freeze-drying said suspension to form a graphene foam electrode. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher than 10 mg/cm 2 Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.35 g/cm 3 and up to 1.13 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes depositing said graphene suspension onto a surface of a solid substrate to form a wet graphene film under the influence of a shear stress or compressive stress to align said graphene sheets parallel to said substrate surface, and wherein said wet film is dried and heated to form a porous dry graphene film. Currently amended
The process of claim 21, wherein after said wet graphene film or said dry graphene film is formed in step (c), the film is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature from 100 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 -er gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes shaping the graphene suspension using a procedure of casting, coating, spraying, printing, extrusion, fiber spinning, or a combination thereof. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
supercapacitor electrode specific surface area (claim lower bound) | ≥ 200 m2/g | isolated graphene sheets |
gravimetric specific capacitance (claim range) | 167–312 F/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,121,360Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing 13 graphene-based supercapacitor electrode.
FIG.2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
FIG.3 Electrode specific capacitance of supercapacitors using an organic electrolyte 5 (acetonitrile) and graphene produced from coal and graphite, respectively.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form a supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 4 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein particles of said coal powder have never been previously intercalated or oxidized prior to step (a). Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercapacitor electrode is in a paper sheet, porous film, porous filament, porous rod, or porous tube form. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a fluid selected from carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 0 2), methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide (N 2 0), ozone, sulfonic vapor (SO 3), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) is conducted under the influence of ultrasonic waves. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of essentially repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjectin g said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) rapidly depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient for effecting further exfoliation and separation of graphene sheets. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said super c ritical fluid contains a surfactant or dispersing agent dissolved therein. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, organic amine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraal k yammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hex am ethylenetetramine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1- pyrenamine, poly(sodium⁻⁴-styrene sulfonate), silicone surfactants, fluoro-surfactants, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate. poly (sodi u m 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium sulfate. sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
(Ori g inal) The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains therein an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains a coating agent dissolved therein. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium comprises water, an organic solvent, alcohol, a monomer, an oligomer. or a combination thereof. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a monomer or an oligomer dispersed in said liquid medium and said step (c) is followed by polymerization of said monomer or oligomer to form a polymer. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium of step (b) further comprises a polymer dissolved or dispersed in said liquid medium and said isolated graphene sheets are mixed with said polymer to form a composite composition as said graphene suspension. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (b) comprises discharging said isolated g raphene sheets, during or after said depressurizing, into said liquid medium. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing said suspension onto a surface or two surfaces of a current collector to form said electrode in a film form having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing and heat treating said suspension to form a layer of g raphene foam having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises freeze-drying said suspension to form a graphene foam electrode. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher than 10 mg/cm 2 Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.35 g/cm 3 and up to 1.13 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes depositing said graphene suspension onto a surface of a solid substrate to form a wet graphene film under the influence of a shear stress or compressive stress to align said graphene sheets parallel to said substrate surface, and wherein said wet film is dried and heated to form a porous dry graphene film. Currently amended
The process of claim 21, wherein after said wet graphene film or said dry graphene film is formed in step (c), the film is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature from 100 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 -er gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes shaping the graphene suspension using a procedure of casting, coating, spraying, printing, extrusion, fiber spinning, or a combination thereof. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
supercapacitor electrode specific surface area (claim lower bound) | ≥ 200 m2/g | isolated graphene sheets |
gravimetric specific capacitance (claim range) | 167–312 F/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,121,360Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing 13 graphene-based supercapacitor electrode.
FIG.2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
FIG.3 Electrode specific capacitance of supercapacitors using an organic electrolyte 5 (acetonitrile) and graphene produced from coal and graphite, respectively.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form a supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 4 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein particles of said coal powder have never been previously intercalated or oxidized prior to step (a). Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercapacitor electrode is in a paper sheet, porous film, porous filament, porous rod, or porous tube form. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a fluid selected from carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 0 2), methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide (N 2 0), ozone, sulfonic vapor (SO 3), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) is conducted under the influence of ultrasonic waves. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of essentially repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjectin g said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) rapidly depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient for effecting further exfoliation and separation of graphene sheets. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said super c ritical fluid contains a surfactant or dispersing agent dissolved therein. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, organic amine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraal k yammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hex am ethylenetetramine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1- pyrenamine, poly(sodium⁻⁴-styrene sulfonate), silicone surfactants, fluoro-surfactants, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate. poly (sodi u m 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium sulfate. sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
(Ori g inal) The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains therein an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains a coating agent dissolved therein. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium comprises water, an organic solvent, alcohol, a monomer, an oligomer. or a combination thereof. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a monomer or an oligomer dispersed in said liquid medium and said step (c) is followed by polymerization of said monomer or oligomer to form a polymer. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium of step (b) further comprises a polymer dissolved or dispersed in said liquid medium and said isolated graphene sheets are mixed with said polymer to form a composite composition as said graphene suspension. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (b) comprises discharging said isolated g raphene sheets, during or after said depressurizing, into said liquid medium. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing said suspension onto a surface or two surfaces of a current collector to form said electrode in a film form having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing and heat treating said suspension to form a layer of g raphene foam having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises freeze-drying said suspension to form a graphene foam electrode. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher than 10 mg/cm 2 Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.35 g/cm 3 and up to 1.13 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes depositing said graphene suspension onto a surface of a solid substrate to form a wet graphene film under the influence of a shear stress or compressive stress to align said graphene sheets parallel to said substrate surface, and wherein said wet film is dried and heated to form a porous dry graphene film. Currently amended
The process of claim 21, wherein after said wet graphene film or said dry graphene film is formed in step (c), the film is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature from 100 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 -er gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes shaping the graphene suspension using a procedure of casting, coating, spraying, printing, extrusion, fiber spinning, or a combination thereof. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
supercapacitor electrode specific surface area (claim lower bound) | ≥ 200 m2/g | isolated graphene sheets |
gravimetric specific capacitance (claim range) | 167–312 F/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,121,360Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing an embodiment of the presently invented process for producing 13 graphene-based supercapacitor electrode.
FIG.2 Schematic drawing of an apparatus that submits coal/coke slurry to a supercritical fluid to produce isolated graphene sheets.
FIG.3 Electrode specific capacitance of supercapacitors using an organic electrolyte 5 (acetonitrile) and graphene produced from coal and graphite, respectively.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form a supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 4 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3. Currently amended
The process of claim 1, wherein particles of said coal powder have never been previously intercalated or oxidized prior to step (a). Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercapacitor electrode is in a paper sheet, porous film, porous filament, porous rod, or porous tube form. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid comprises a fluid selected from carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 0 2), methanol, ethanol, acetone, methane, ethane, propane, ethylene, propylene, nitrous oxide (N 2 0), ozone, sulfonic vapor (SO 3), or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (a) is conducted under the influence of ultrasonic waves. Original
The process of claim 1, further comprising a procedure of essentially repeating step (a) and step (b) that includes (i) subjectin g said isolated graphene sheets to a supercritical fluid at a second temperature and a second pressure for a second period of time in a pressure vessel and then (ii) rapidly depressurizing said fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient for effecting further exfoliation and separation of graphene sheets. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said super c ritical fluid contains a surfactant or dispersing agent dissolved therein. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from the group consisting of anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, organic amine, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said pressure vessel further contains a surfactant or dispersing agent selected from melamine, ammonium sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium (ethylenediamine), tetraal k yammonium, ammonia, carbamide, hex am ethylenetetramine, pyrene, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, 1-pyrenebutyric acid, 1- pyrenamine, poly(sodium⁻⁴-styrene sulfonate), silicone surfactants, fluoro-surfactants, sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium lignosulfonate. poly (sodi u m 4-styrene sulfonate), sodium sulfate. sodium phosphate, sodium sulfonate, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
(Ori g inal) The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains therein an organic solvent, a monomer, an oligomer, a polymer solution, or a combination thereof. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said supercritical fluid contains a coating agent dissolved therein. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium comprises water, an organic solvent, alcohol, a monomer, an oligomer. or a combination thereof. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium further comprises a monomer or an oligomer dispersed in said liquid medium and said step (c) is followed by polymerization of said monomer or oligomer to form a polymer. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium of step (b) further comprises a polymer dissolved or dispersed in said liquid medium and said isolated graphene sheets are mixed with said polymer to form a composite composition as said graphene suspension. Previously presented
The process of claim 1, wherein said step (b) comprises discharging said isolated g raphene sheets, during or after said depressurizing, into said liquid medium. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing said suspension onto a surface or two surfaces of a current collector to form said electrode in a film form having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises dispensing and heat treating said suspension to form a layer of g raphene foam having a thickness from 1 p m to 1,000 pm. Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said step of shaping and drying said graphene suspension comprises freeze-drying said suspension to form a graphene foam electrode. Withdrawn
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher than 10 mg/cm 2 Original
The process of claim 1, wherein said electrode has an active material mass loading higher
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 a gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.35 g/cm 3 and up to 1.13 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes depositing said graphene suspension onto a surface of a solid substrate to form a wet graphene film under the influence of a shear stress or compressive stress to align said graphene sheets parallel to said substrate surface, and wherein said wet film is dried and heated to form a porous dry graphene film. Currently amended
The process of claim 21, wherein after said wet graphene film or said dry graphene film is formed in step (c), the film is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature from 100 ° C to 3,200 °C. Previously presented
A process for producing a graphene-based supercapacitor electrode from a supply of coal powder containing therein domains of hexagonal carbon atoms and/or hexagonal carbon atomic interlayers with an interlayer spacing, said process comprising: (a) exposing said supply of coal powder to a supercritical fluid at a first temperature and a first pressure for a first period of time in a pressure vessel to cause penetration of the supercritical fluid into an internal structure of the coal, wherein said coal powder is selected from the group consisting of leonardite, anthracite, lignite coal, bituminous coal, and a combination thereof; (b) rapidly depressurizing said supercritical fluid at a fluid release rate sufficient to cause exfoliation and separation of said coal powder to produce isolated graphene sheets, the isolated graphene sheets being combined with and dispersed in a liquid medium to produce a graphene suspension; and (c) shaping and drying said graphene suspension to form said supercapacitor electrode, wherein the supercapacitor electrode is porous and has a specific surface area greater than 200 m 2/g, wherein the supercapacitor has a 3 -er gravimetric specific capacitance greater than 167 F/g and up to 312 F/g and a tap density greater than 0.3 g/cm 3, wherein an amount of a foaming agent is added into said graphene suspension and said step (c) includes shaping the graphene suspension using a procedure of casting, coating, spraying, printing, extrusion, fiber spinning, or a combination thereof. Currently amended
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene-based supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
coal powder
isolated graphene sheets
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.4 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. gravimetric and volumetric energy density) of two sets of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
supercapacitor electrode specific surface area (claim lower bound) | ≥ 200 m2/g | isolated graphene sheets |
gravimetric specific capacitance (claim range) | 167–312 F/g |
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graphene suspension
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carbon dioxide (supercritical)
CO₂
electrode tap density (claim 1 lower bound) | ≥ 0.3 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
electrode tap density (claim 21 range) | 0.35–1.13 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Temperature | 31–250 °C | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa | — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 180–250 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
Temperature | 100–3200 °C | — |
graphene suspension
supercritical fluid
carbon dioxide (supercritical)
CO₂
electrode tap density (claim 1 lower bound) | ≥ 0.3 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
electrode tap density (claim 21 range) | 0.35–1.13 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Temperature | 31–250 °C | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa | — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 180–250 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
Temperature | 100–3200 °C | — |
graphene suspension
supercritical fluid
carbon dioxide (supercritical)
CO₂
electrode tap density (claim 1 lower bound) | ≥ 0.3 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
electrode tap density (claim 21 range) | 0.35–1.13 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Temperature | 31–250 °C | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa | — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 180–250 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
Temperature | 100–3200 °C | — |
graphene suspension
supercritical fluid
carbon dioxide (supercritical)
CO₂
electrode tap density (claim 1 lower bound) | ≥ 0.3 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
electrode tap density (claim 21 range) | 0.35–1.13 g/cm3 | isolated graphene sheets |
Duration | 5–30 seconds | — |
Temperature | 31–250 °C | — |
Pressure | 7.4–69 MPa | — |
Duration | 600–86400 s | — |
Pressure | 1070–10000 psi | — |
Temperature | 130–230 °C | — |
Duration | 1–3 hours | — |
Temperature | 180–250 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 200–300 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.2 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.01 mm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 7.4 MPa | — |
Temperature | ≥ 374 °C | — |
Pressure | ≥ 22.1 MPa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 72.8 atm | — |
Temperature | 100–3200 °C | — |