Patent
US 10,787,365Title: EXPANSION AND EXFOL IA TION OF GRAPHITE TO FORM GRAPHENE
PATOLE, Shashikan P., COSTA, Pedro M.F.J.
27 July 2017·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,787,365Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 illustrates exemplary process steps for expansion-exfoliation of the expandable graphite to prepare microwave expanded (ME) graphene, thermally expanded (TE) graphene, graphene slurry, graphene aqueous mixture, and graphene powder.
Figures 2 shows ME/TE graphene formation from the expansion of expandable graphite by thermal/microwave shock. The upper drawing illustrates the conversion of IGBS with thermal/microwave shock. The bottom photographs show the expandable graphite before and after thermal shock (TE graphene).
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 10 shows TGA and first derivative spectra of graphite, commercial graphene, IGBS, ME graphene, and TE graphene.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 12 (a-g): (a-d) the graphene aqueous mixture after the turbulence-assisted shear exfoliation of TE graphene: after processing with (a) blender, (b) blender with surfactant, (c) sonication, and (d) sonication with surfactant. Photographs showing (e) graphene slurry, (f) graphene powder, and …
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average expansion in a reaction product is at least 10,000, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is in the form of flakes, and the flakes of the graphite intercalation compound are characterized by an average extension along a basal plane of a distance of at least 50 microns. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is expandable graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is a graphite salt. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is intumescent graphite bisulfate. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has a percent carbon of at least 85%. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has sulfur as an intercalated element of highest atomic percent. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has an interlayer spacing larger than a graphitic interlayer spacing of 0.341. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include vaporization of intercalated species. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include electromagnetic waves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include application of heat, which is applied without microwaves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the time of subjecting the graphite to the expansion conditions is less than 80 seconds. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in a form having ten or fewer graphene layers. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is subjected to sonication and/or mechanical shear. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is dispersed in a solvent. Previously presented
A composition prepared by the method of claim 1. Previously presented
An ink composition prepared by the method of claim 1 and comprising at least one solvent vehicle. Previously presented
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals; and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average separation distance between two adjacent graphene sheets in [[al l the reaction product is at least 5 microns, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
energy storage system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite intercalation compound
graphite bisulfate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Raman D/G band ratio | 0.04 | graphene |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,787,365Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 illustrates exemplary process steps for expansion-exfoliation of the expandable graphite to prepare microwave expanded (ME) graphene, thermally expanded (TE) graphene, graphene slurry, graphene aqueous mixture, and graphene powder.
Figures 2 shows ME/TE graphene formation from the expansion of expandable graphite by thermal/microwave shock. The upper drawing illustrates the conversion of IGBS with thermal/microwave shock. The bottom photographs show the expandable graphite before and after thermal shock (TE graphene).
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 10 shows TGA and first derivative spectra of graphite, commercial graphene, IGBS, ME graphene, and TE graphene.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 12 (a-g): (a-d) the graphene aqueous mixture after the turbulence-assisted shear exfoliation of TE graphene: after processing with (a) blender, (b) blender with surfactant, (c) sonication, and (d) sonication with surfactant. Photographs showing (e) graphene slurry, (f) graphene powder, and …
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average expansion in a reaction product is at least 10,000, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is in the form of flakes, and the flakes of the graphite intercalation compound are characterized by an average extension along a basal plane of a distance of at least 50 microns. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is expandable graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is a graphite salt. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is intumescent graphite bisulfate. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has a percent carbon of at least 85%. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has sulfur as an intercalated element of highest atomic percent. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has an interlayer spacing larger than a graphitic interlayer spacing of 0.341. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include vaporization of intercalated species. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include electromagnetic waves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include application of heat, which is applied without microwaves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the time of subjecting the graphite to the expansion conditions is less than 80 seconds. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in a form having ten or fewer graphene layers. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is subjected to sonication and/or mechanical shear. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is dispersed in a solvent. Previously presented
A composition prepared by the method of claim 1. Previously presented
An ink composition prepared by the method of claim 1 and comprising at least one solvent vehicle. Previously presented
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals; and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average separation distance between two adjacent graphene sheets in [[al l the reaction product is at least 5 microns, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
energy storage system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite intercalation compound
graphite bisulfate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Raman D/G band ratio | 0.04 | graphene |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,787,365Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 illustrates exemplary process steps for expansion-exfoliation of the expandable graphite to prepare microwave expanded (ME) graphene, thermally expanded (TE) graphene, graphene slurry, graphene aqueous mixture, and graphene powder.
Figures 2 shows ME/TE graphene formation from the expansion of expandable graphite by thermal/microwave shock. The upper drawing illustrates the conversion of IGBS with thermal/microwave shock. The bottom photographs show the expandable graphite before and after thermal shock (TE graphene).
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 10 shows TGA and first derivative spectra of graphite, commercial graphene, IGBS, ME graphene, and TE graphene.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 12 (a-g): (a-d) the graphene aqueous mixture after the turbulence-assisted shear exfoliation of TE graphene: after processing with (a) blender, (b) blender with surfactant, (c) sonication, and (d) sonication with surfactant. Photographs showing (e) graphene slurry, (f) graphene powder, and …
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average expansion in a reaction product is at least 10,000, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is in the form of flakes, and the flakes of the graphite intercalation compound are characterized by an average extension along a basal plane of a distance of at least 50 microns. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is expandable graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is a graphite salt. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is intumescent graphite bisulfate. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has a percent carbon of at least 85%. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has sulfur as an intercalated element of highest atomic percent. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has an interlayer spacing larger than a graphitic interlayer spacing of 0.341. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include vaporization of intercalated species. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include electromagnetic waves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include application of heat, which is applied without microwaves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the time of subjecting the graphite to the expansion conditions is less than 80 seconds. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in a form having ten or fewer graphene layers. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is subjected to sonication and/or mechanical shear. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is dispersed in a solvent. Previously presented
A composition prepared by the method of claim 1. Previously presented
An ink composition prepared by the method of claim 1 and comprising at least one solvent vehicle. Previously presented
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals; and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average separation distance between two adjacent graphene sheets in [[al l the reaction product is at least 5 microns, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
energy storage system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite intercalation compound
graphite bisulfate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Raman D/G band ratio | 0.04 | graphene |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,787,365Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 illustrates exemplary process steps for expansion-exfoliation of the expandable graphite to prepare microwave expanded (ME) graphene, thermally expanded (TE) graphene, graphene slurry, graphene aqueous mixture, and graphene powder.
Figures 2 shows ME/TE graphene formation from the expansion of expandable graphite by thermal/microwave shock. The upper drawing illustrates the conversion of IGBS with thermal/microwave shock. The bottom photographs show the expandable graphite before and after thermal shock (TE graphene).
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 10 shows TGA and first derivative spectra of graphite, commercial graphene, IGBS, ME graphene, and TE graphene.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 12 (a-g): (a-d) the graphene aqueous mixture after the turbulence-assisted shear exfoliation of TE graphene: after processing with (a) blender, (b) blender with surfactant, (c) sonication, and (d) sonication with surfactant. Photographs showing (e) graphene slurry, (f) graphene powder, and …
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average expansion in a reaction product is at least 10,000, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is in the form of flakes, and the flakes of the graphite intercalation compound are characterized by an average extension along a basal plane of a distance of at least 50 microns. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is expandable graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is a graphite salt. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound is intumescent graphite bisulfate. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has a percent carbon of at least 85%. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has sulfur as an intercalated element of highest atomic percent. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphite intercalation compound has an interlayer spacing larger than a graphitic interlayer spacing of 0.341. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include vaporization of intercalated species. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include electromagnetic waves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the expansion conditions include application of heat, which is applied without microwaves. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the time of subjecting the graphite to the expansion conditions is less than 80 seconds. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is in a form having ten or fewer graphene layers. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is subjected to sonication and/or mechanical shear. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene is dispersed in a solvent. Previously presented
A composition prepared by the method of claim 1. Previously presented
An ink composition prepared by the method of claim 1 and comprising at least one solvent vehicle. Previously presented
A method comprising: subjecting at least one graphite intercalation compound to expansion conditions to produce graphene, wherein the expansion conditions include a thermal shock treatment without previous or parallel exposure to chemicals; and sub i ectin q the g raphene to turbulence-assisted exfoliation to obtain a h iqh quality g raphene reaction product, wherein a particle size of the graphite intercalation compound and an expansion time of the expansion conditions are adapted to provide [[a]]the high quality graphene reaction product in which an average separation distance between two adjacent graphene sheets in [[al l the reaction product is at least 5 microns, and wherein the h iq h quality g raphene reaction product is characterized by (1) a Raman D/G band ratio of 0.04, (2) an oxy g en to carbon ratio of 0.06, and (3) a six fold symmetric electron diffraction pattern. Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
energy storage system
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphite intercalation compound
graphite bisulfate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figures 3(a)-(d): (a) shows SEM images of expandable graphite (EG). Inset in (a) shows the EDX spectrum acquired over the marked area. (b- d) shows single EG flake. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Raman D/G band ratio | 0.04 | graphene |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
graphene
expandable graphite
graphite salt
intumescent graphite bisulfate
solvent vehicle
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
| 0.06 |
graphene |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 min | — |
— | 750–1500 W | — |
Duration | 12–60 hours | — |
Duration | 15–45 hours | — |
Duration | 2–3 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 80 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 300 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 µm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 25 µm | — |
graphene
expandable graphite
graphite salt
intumescent graphite bisulfate
solvent vehicle
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
| 0.06 |
graphene |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 min | — |
— | 750–1500 W | — |
Duration | 12–60 hours | — |
Duration | 15–45 hours | — |
Duration | 2–3 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 80 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 300 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 µm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 25 µm | — |
graphene
expandable graphite
graphite salt
intumescent graphite bisulfate
solvent vehicle
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
| 0.06 |
graphene |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 min | — |
— | 750–1500 W | — |
Duration | 12–60 hours | — |
Duration | 15–45 hours | — |
Duration | 2–3 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 80 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 300 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 µm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 25 µm | — |
graphene
expandable graphite
graphite salt
intumescent graphite bisulfate
solvent vehicle
Figures 4(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after microwave shock, (b-d) 3-D network of ME graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 5(a)-(d): SEM images of (a) single EG flake after thermal shock, (b-d) 3-D network of TE graphene. Scale bars are provided for each micrograph.
Figure 6(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a thin EG flake. Selected area magnification TEM micrographs of (b) folding, (c) edge, and (d) the top surface. (e) Normal incident SAD pattern acquired over the micrographs in (d). (f) Filtered image processed from the region marked in (c), …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 7(a)-(g): (A) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a ME graphene. (b-d) Selected area magnification TEM images showing number of layers and surface in ME graphene. Inset in (c) shows the filtered micrograph processed from the marked region, intensity profile along the marked line is shown in (f). …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 8(a)-(f): (a) Low magnification TEM micrograph of a TE graphene. (b, c) Selected area magnification TEM micrographs showing graphene edge morphology in TE graphene. (d) SAD pattern acquired near the area marked in (c). (e, f) HAADF micrograph in STEM mode, inset in (f) shows the thickness …
Figure 9 shows XRD pattern of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene; inset shows magnified peaks in the 24-29 degree range.
Figure 11 shows Raman spectra of graphite, IGBS, TE graphene, ME graphene, and commercial graphene.
Figure 13 (a-d): Current rate performance of (a) graphite, and (b) TE- graphene at various current densities. (c) Cyclic performance and (d) columbic efficiency of graphene at a current density of 300 pA.
| 0.06 |
graphene |
Duration | 30–120 minutes | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 min | — |
— | 750–1500 W | — |
Duration | 12–60 hours | — |
Duration | 15–45 hours | — |
Duration | 2–3 hours | — |
Duration | ≤ 80 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 50 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 300 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 µm | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 seconds | — |
Thickness | ≥ 25 µm | — |