Patent
US 9,180,442Title: POROUS GRAPHENE OXIDE MATERIALS
LOH, Kian Ping, SU, Chen Liang
National University of Singapore·27 December 2013·US
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Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,180,442Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a porous graphene oxide material, the method comprising: (4) preparing graphene oxide sheets from graphite by reacting graphite flakes with sodium nitrate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and KMnO 4 at 40 to 170 °C; (2) providing a graphene oxide suspension containing by suspending the graphene oxide sheets in a solvent; (3) heating the graphene oxide suspension with a base at 25-to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to obtain base-treated graphene oxide sheets; and (4) heating a mixture of the base-treated graphene oxide sheets and an acid at 25 to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to yield the porous graphene oxide material, wherein the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a concentration of 0.01 to N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.01 to 50 N, the base being NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na 2 COS, CsCO 3, 3 PO 4, NaHCO 3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, an amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or a combination thereof; and the acid being HC1, HBr, HI, H 2 SO 4 or its salt, HNO 3, a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid or its salt, P 2 0 5 a metal chloride, or a combination thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide suspension is heated with the base at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a 2 PATENTS 218005-003 9 1 1401N-PCT/US concentration of 0.02 to 20 N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.02 to 20 N.
The method of claim 1, wherein the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours.
A porous graphene oxide material prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO~ content of 0.
A porous graphene oxide material having a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO-content of 0.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.5 to 50 nm, a pore volume of 0.05 to 1 mL/g, a surface area of 50 to 1000 m 2/g, and a C/O molar ratio of 5/2 to 8/1.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, further comprising a second catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, 0 5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, and Fe.
A process of carrying out a chemical reaction by agitating a reaction medium containing a reactant or reactants, and a catalyst that is the porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the chemical reaction is an oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction, a Suzuki coupling reaction, an oxygen reduction reaction, or an oxidation-reduction tandem reaction, the reactant or reactants being alcohols, amines, alkenes, or alkanes.
6 canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide sheets
base (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na₂CO3, CsCO3, K₃PO4, NaHCO3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or combination)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Pore Size | 0.2–100 nm | porous graphene oxide material |
Pore Volume | 0.01–5 mL/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE FORMATION
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,180,442Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a porous graphene oxide material, the method comprising: (4) preparing graphene oxide sheets from graphite by reacting graphite flakes with sodium nitrate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and KMnO 4 at 40 to 170 °C; (2) providing a graphene oxide suspension containing by suspending the graphene oxide sheets in a solvent; (3) heating the graphene oxide suspension with a base at 25-to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to obtain base-treated graphene oxide sheets; and (4) heating a mixture of the base-treated graphene oxide sheets and an acid at 25 to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to yield the porous graphene oxide material, wherein the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a concentration of 0.01 to N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.01 to 50 N, the base being NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na 2 COS, CsCO 3, 3 PO 4, NaHCO 3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, an amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or a combination thereof; and the acid being HC1, HBr, HI, H 2 SO 4 or its salt, HNO 3, a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid or its salt, P 2 0 5 a metal chloride, or a combination thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide suspension is heated with the base at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a 2 PATENTS 218005-003 9 1 1401N-PCT/US concentration of 0.02 to 20 N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.02 to 20 N.
The method of claim 1, wherein the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours.
A porous graphene oxide material prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO~ content of 0.
A porous graphene oxide material having a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO-content of 0.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.5 to 50 nm, a pore volume of 0.05 to 1 mL/g, a surface area of 50 to 1000 m 2/g, and a C/O molar ratio of 5/2 to 8/1.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, further comprising a second catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, 0 5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, and Fe.
A process of carrying out a chemical reaction by agitating a reaction medium containing a reactant or reactants, and a catalyst that is the porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the chemical reaction is an oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction, a Suzuki coupling reaction, an oxygen reduction reaction, or an oxidation-reduction tandem reaction, the reactant or reactants being alcohols, amines, alkenes, or alkanes.
6 canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide sheets
base (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na₂CO3, CsCO3, K₃PO4, NaHCO3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or combination)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Pore Size | 0.2–100 nm | porous graphene oxide material |
Pore Volume | 0.01–5 mL/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE FORMATION
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,180,442Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a porous graphene oxide material, the method comprising: (4) preparing graphene oxide sheets from graphite by reacting graphite flakes with sodium nitrate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and KMnO 4 at 40 to 170 °C; (2) providing a graphene oxide suspension containing by suspending the graphene oxide sheets in a solvent; (3) heating the graphene oxide suspension with a base at 25-to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to obtain base-treated graphene oxide sheets; and (4) heating a mixture of the base-treated graphene oxide sheets and an acid at 25 to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to yield the porous graphene oxide material, wherein the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a concentration of 0.01 to N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.01 to 50 N, the base being NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na 2 COS, CsCO 3, 3 PO 4, NaHCO 3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, an amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or a combination thereof; and the acid being HC1, HBr, HI, H 2 SO 4 or its salt, HNO 3, a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid or its salt, P 2 0 5 a metal chloride, or a combination thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide suspension is heated with the base at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a 2 PATENTS 218005-003 9 1 1401N-PCT/US concentration of 0.02 to 20 N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.02 to 20 N.
The method of claim 1, wherein the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours.
A porous graphene oxide material prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO~ content of 0.
A porous graphene oxide material having a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO-content of 0.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.5 to 50 nm, a pore volume of 0.05 to 1 mL/g, a surface area of 50 to 1000 m 2/g, and a C/O molar ratio of 5/2 to 8/1.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, further comprising a second catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, 0 5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, and Fe.
A process of carrying out a chemical reaction by agitating a reaction medium containing a reactant or reactants, and a catalyst that is the porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the chemical reaction is an oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction, a Suzuki coupling reaction, an oxygen reduction reaction, or an oxidation-reduction tandem reaction, the reactant or reactants being alcohols, amines, alkenes, or alkanes.
6 canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide sheets
base (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na₂CO3, CsCO3, K₃PO4, NaHCO3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or combination)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Pore Size | 0.2–100 nm | porous graphene oxide material |
Pore Volume | 0.01–5 mL/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE FORMATION
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,180,442Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a porous graphene oxide material, the method comprising: (4) preparing graphene oxide sheets from graphite by reacting graphite flakes with sodium nitrate, concentrated sulfuric acid, and KMnO 4 at 40 to 170 °C; (2) providing a graphene oxide suspension containing by suspending the graphene oxide sheets in a solvent; (3) heating the graphene oxide suspension with a base at 25-to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to obtain base-treated graphene oxide sheets; and (4) heating a mixture of the base-treated graphene oxide sheets and an acid at 25 to 300 ° C for 0.1 to 48 hours to yield the porous graphene oxide material, wherein the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 1:1 to 50:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a concentration of 0.01 to N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.01 to 50 N, the base being NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na 2 COS, CsCO 3, 3 PO 4, NaHCO 3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, an amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or a combination thereof; and the acid being HC1, HBr, HI, H 2 SO 4 or its salt, HNO 3, a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, a phosphoric acid or its salt, P 2 0 5 a metal chloride, or a combination thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene oxide suspension is heated with the base at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours, the weight ratio of the base to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the weight ratio of the acid to the graphene oxide sheets is 2:1 to 25:1, the base in the graphene oxide suspension has a 2 PATENTS 218005-003 9 1 1401N-PCT/US concentration of 0.02 to 20 N, and the acid in the mixture has a concentration of 0.02 to 20 N.
The method of claim 1, wherein the base-treated graphene oxide sheets are heated with the acid at 60 to 170 ° C for 1 to 24 hours.
A porous graphene oxide material prepared by the method of claim 1, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO~ content of 0.
A porous graphene oxide material having a pore size of 0.2 to 100 nm, a pore volume of 0.01 to 5 mL/g, a surface area of 20 to 2600 m 2/g, a C/O molar ratio of 2/1 to 10/1, and a -COO-content of 0.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the porous graphene oxide material has a pore size of 0.5 to 50 nm, a pore volume of 0.05 to 1 mL/g, a surface area of 50 to 1000 m 2/g, and a C/O molar ratio of 5/2 to 8/1.
The porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, further comprising a second catalyst selected from the group consisting of Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, 0 5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, and Fe.
A process of carrying out a chemical reaction by agitating a reaction medium containing a reactant or reactants, and a catalyst that is the porous graphene oxide material of claim 12, wherein the chemical reaction is an oxidation reaction, a reduction reaction, a Suzuki coupling reaction, an oxygen reduction reaction, or an oxidation-reduction tandem reaction, the reactant or reactants being alcohols, amines, alkenes, or alkanes.
6 canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide sheets
base (NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na₂CO3, CsCO3, K₃PO4, NaHCO3, n-BuLi, t-BuOK, amine, pyridine, bi-pyridine, or combination)
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows X-ray photoelectron spectra of the graphene oxide sheets and a graphene oxide material, i.e., ba-G 0 3, both of which were prepared following the procedures described in
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Pore Size | 0.2–100 nm | porous graphene oxide material |
Pore Volume | 0.01–5 mL/g |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE FORMATION
METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, ELECTRODE MATERIAL INCLUDING STACK OF GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBE, AND ELECTRIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITOR USING THE SAME
acid (HCl, HBr, HI, H₂SO₄ or its salt, HNO3, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or its salt, P₂O5, metal chloride, or combination)
porous graphene oxide material
second catalyst (Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, V₂O5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, or Fe)
graphite flakes
sodium nitrate
NaNO₃
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
potassium permanganate
KMnO₄
Surface Area | 20–2600 m2/g | porous graphene oxide material |
C O Molar Ratio | 2–10 mol/mol | porous graphene oxide material |
— | 289–290 ev | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 50–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–120 °C | — |
Duration | 0.1–48 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–24 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 25–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–170 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–120 °C | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Temperature | 25–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–170 °C | — |
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
acid (HCl, HBr, HI, H₂SO₄ or its salt, HNO3, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or its salt, P₂O5, metal chloride, or combination)
porous graphene oxide material
second catalyst (Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, V₂O5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, or Fe)
graphite flakes
sodium nitrate
NaNO₃
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
potassium permanganate
KMnO₄
Surface Area | 20–2600 m2/g | porous graphene oxide material |
C O Molar Ratio | 2–10 mol/mol | porous graphene oxide material |
— | 289–290 ev | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 50–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–120 °C | — |
Duration | 0.1–48 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–24 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 25–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–170 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–120 °C | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Temperature | 25–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–170 °C | — |
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
acid (HCl, HBr, HI, H₂SO₄ or its salt, HNO3, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or its salt, P₂O5, metal chloride, or combination)
porous graphene oxide material
second catalyst (Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, V₂O5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, or Fe)
graphite flakes
sodium nitrate
NaNO₃
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
potassium permanganate
KMnO₄
Surface Area | 20–2600 m2/g | porous graphene oxide material |
C O Molar Ratio | 2–10 mol/mol | porous graphene oxide material |
— | 289–290 ev | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 50–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–120 °C | — |
Duration | 0.1–48 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–24 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 25–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–170 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–120 °C | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Temperature | 25–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–170 °C | — |
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
acid (HCl, HBr, HI, H₂SO₄ or its salt, HNO3, carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphoric acid or its salt, P₂O5, metal chloride, or combination)
porous graphene oxide material
second catalyst (Pd, Pt, Au, Cu, V₂O5, Co, Rh, Ru, Ni, or Fe)
graphite flakes
sodium nitrate
NaNO₃
concentrated sulfuric acid
H₂SO₄
potassium permanganate
KMnO₄
Surface Area | 20–2600 m2/g | porous graphene oxide material |
C O Molar Ratio | 2–10 mol/mol | porous graphene oxide material |
— | 289–290 ev | — |
Temperature | 200–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 1–2 nm | — |
Thickness | 2–5 nm | — |
Temperature | 50–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–120 °C | — |
Duration | 0.1–48 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–24 hours | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 25–300 °C | — |
Temperature | 60–170 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–120 °C | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 2–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 0.5–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 1–20 nm | — |
Temperature | 25–160 °C | — |
Temperature | 40–170 °C | — |
METHOD OF PRODUCING NANO-SIZE GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIAL AND AN EQUIPMENT FOR PRODUCING THE SAME