Abstract

Monolayer chromium dihalides and trihalides can be grown on a variety of substrates by molecular beam epitaxy regardless of lattice mismatch through van der Waals epitaxy. In this work, Cr chloride monolayers grown on Au(111), Ni(111), and graphene-passivated Ni(111) from evaporation in ultra-high vacuum of a halide precursor were studied by in situ structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization. Au(111) and Ni(111) promote formation of CrCl₃ and CrCl2, respectively, while graphene passivation enables partial formation of CrCl₃ on Ni(111). Coexistence of CrCl₃ and CrCl₂ on graphene-passivated Ni(111) is evidenced by XMCD and site-selective magnetization measurements, revealing distinct magnetic responses and frustrated magnetization in some domains.

Abstract

Monolayer chromium dihalides and trihalides can be grown on a variety of substrates by molecular beam epitaxy regardless of lattice mismatch through van der Waals epitaxy. In this work, Cr chloride monolayers grown on Au(111), Ni(111), and graphene-passivated Ni(111) from evaporation in ultra-high vacuum of a halide precursor were studied by in situ structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization. Au(111) and Ni(111) promote formation of CrCl₃ and CrCl2, respectively, while graphene passivation enables partial formation of CrCl₃ on Ni(111). Coexistence of CrCl₃ and CrCl₂ on graphene-passivated Ni(111) is evidenced by XMCD and site-selective magnetization measurements, revealing distinct magnetic responses and frustrated magnetization in some domains.

Abstract

Monolayer chromium dihalides and trihalides can be grown on a variety of substrates by molecular beam epitaxy regardless of lattice mismatch through van der Waals epitaxy. In this work, Cr chloride monolayers grown on Au(111), Ni(111), and graphene-passivated Ni(111) from evaporation in ultra-high vacuum of a halide precursor were studied by in situ structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization. Au(111) and Ni(111) promote formation of CrCl₃ and CrCl2, respectively, while graphene passivation enables partial formation of CrCl₃ on Ni(111). Coexistence of CrCl₃ and CrCl₂ on graphene-passivated Ni(111) is evidenced by XMCD and site-selective magnetization measurements, revealing distinct magnetic responses and frustrated magnetization in some domains.

Abstract

Monolayer chromium dihalides and trihalides can be grown on a variety of substrates by molecular beam epitaxy regardless of lattice mismatch through van der Waals epitaxy. In this work, Cr chloride monolayers grown on Au(111), Ni(111), and graphene-passivated Ni(111) from evaporation in ultra-high vacuum of a halide precursor were studied by in situ structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization. Au(111) and Ni(111) promote formation of CrCl₃ and CrCl2, respectively, while graphene passivation enables partial formation of CrCl₃ on Ni(111). Coexistence of CrCl₃ and CrCl₂ on graphene-passivated Ni(111) is evidenced by XMCD and site-selective magnetization measurements, revealing distinct magnetic responses and frustrated magnetization in some domains.