Patent
US 11,515,540ALKALI METAL-SELENIUM SECONDARY BATTERY CONTAINING A GRAPHENE FOAM-PROTECTED SELENIUM CATHODE
Hui He, Aruna Zhamu, Bor Z. Jang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 11,515,540Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG. 2(B) Schematic of solid graphene foam containing Se particles or coating residing in interconnected pores (open cells) of this open-cell graphene foam.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10 The charge and discharge cycling results of two Li-Se cells, one containing a presently invented cathode structure of GO-derived graphene foam …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Canceled
The alkali metal-selenium battery of claim 1 8, wherein said solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (ME C), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (7-BL), acetonitrile (AN), ethyl acetate (E A), propyl formate (PF), methyl formate (MF), toluene, xylene, methyl acetate (MA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). vinylene carbonate (VC), allyl ethyl carbonate (AEC), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2- dimethoxyethane (DME), tetraethylene glycol dimethylether (TEGDME), poly(ethylene g lycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME), diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (DEGDBE), 2- ethoxyethyl ether (EEE), sulfone, sulfolane, room temperature ionic liquid, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains a three-dimensional network of interconnected open cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains closed cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam, when measured without said selenium, has a density ranging from about 0.001 g/cm 3 to about 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium occupies a weight fraction of 40%-95% based on the total weight of the solid graphene foam and selenium combined. Previously presented
A graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer for an alkali metal-selenium cell, comprising: (a) a sheet or a roll of solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores or cells and pore walls containing graphene sheets, wherein said graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements or a non- pristine graphene material having 0.01% to 20% by weight of non-carbon elements, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said graphene sheets are interconnected or chemically merged together without an adhesive resin; and (b) selenium coating or particles residing in said pores or bonded to said pore walls of said solid graphene foam, wherein said solid graphene foam further accommodates a second element selected from Bi and the weight of said second element is less than the weight of selenium. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium coating or particles have a thickness or diameter from 0.5 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 100 nm to 2 mm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 10 m to 500 pm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite filler selected from a carbon or graphite fiber, carbon or graphite nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon nanorod, mesophase carbon particle, mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake, needle coke, carbon black or acetylene black, activated carbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene contains a functional group attached thereto to make the graphene sheets in a liquid medium exhibit a negative Zeta potential from -55 mV to -0.1 mV. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from alkyl or aryl silane, alkyl or aralkyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, carboxylic group, amine group, sulfonate group (--S O 3 H), aldehydic group, quinoidal, fluorocarbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from a derivative of a compound selected from the group consisting of 2-azidoethanol, 3-azidopropan- 1 -amine, 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 2-azidoethyl-2-bromo-2-methy l propanoate, ch lo rocarbonate, azidocarbonate, dich l orocarbene, carbene, aryne, nitrene, (R-)- oxycarbonyl nitrenes, where R = any one of the following groups, SVG 15948367.03-14-2022.L₀R₆CJ₇AGREENX1.CLM.1.svg 2.69 3.19 Black and white and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from an oxygenated g roup selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, peroxide, ether, keto, and aldehyde. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of -S O 3 H,-C OOH, -NH 2, -OH, -R'CHOH, -CHO, -CN,-COCI, halide,-C OSH, -SH, -COOR', -SR', -SiR'3, -Si(--OR ' --) yR' 3-y, -Si(--O--SiR' 2 --)OR', -R", Li, A IR' 2, H g --X, TlZ 2 and Mg--X; wherein y is an integer equal to or less than 3, R' is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl, cycloaryl, or poly(alkylether), R" is fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, f l uorocycloalkyl, fluoroaralkyl or cycloa r yl, X is halide, and Z is carboxylate or trifluoroacetate, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of amidoamines, polyamides, aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic am i nes, cyc l oaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, anhydrides, ketimines, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene-tetramine (TETA), tetraethylene-pentamine (TEPA), polyethylene polyamine, polyamine epoxy adduct, phenolic hardener, non-brominated curing agent, non-amine curatives, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from O Y, NHY, O = C--OY, P = C--NR'Y, O = C--SY, O= C--Y, --CR'1--OY, N Y or C'Y, and Y is a functional group of a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an antigen, or an enzyme substrate, enzyme inhibitor or the transition state analog of an enzyme substrate or is selected from R'--OH, R'--NR' 2, R'SH, R'CHO, R'CN, R'X, R'N + (R') 3 X-, R'SiR' 3, R'Si(--OR'--)yR'3-y, R'Si(--O--SiR'2--)OR', R'--R", R'--N--CO, (C₂H₄ 0 --) W H, (--C₃H₆ 0 --) W H, (--C₂H₄₀) W-- R', (C 3 H 6 O)W --R', R', and w is an integer greater than one and less than 200. Previously presented
An alkali metal-selenium battery containing an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode comprises the graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer
alkali metal-selenium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solid graphene foam
selenium
Se
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam density (without selenium) | 0.001–1.5 g/cm3 | solid graphene foam |
selenium weight fraction in cathode layer | 40–95 % |
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STORAGE BATTERY ELECTRODE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, STORAGE BATTERY, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND GRAPHENE
MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS, ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES USING MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS AS ELECTRODES, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 11,515,540Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG. 2(B) Schematic of solid graphene foam containing Se particles or coating residing in interconnected pores (open cells) of this open-cell graphene foam.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10 The charge and discharge cycling results of two Li-Se cells, one containing a presently invented cathode structure of GO-derived graphene foam …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Canceled
The alkali metal-selenium battery of claim 1 8, wherein said solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (ME C), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (7-BL), acetonitrile (AN), ethyl acetate (E A), propyl formate (PF), methyl formate (MF), toluene, xylene, methyl acetate (MA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). vinylene carbonate (VC), allyl ethyl carbonate (AEC), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2- dimethoxyethane (DME), tetraethylene glycol dimethylether (TEGDME), poly(ethylene g lycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME), diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (DEGDBE), 2- ethoxyethyl ether (EEE), sulfone, sulfolane, room temperature ionic liquid, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains a three-dimensional network of interconnected open cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains closed cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam, when measured without said selenium, has a density ranging from about 0.001 g/cm 3 to about 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium occupies a weight fraction of 40%-95% based on the total weight of the solid graphene foam and selenium combined. Previously presented
A graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer for an alkali metal-selenium cell, comprising: (a) a sheet or a roll of solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores or cells and pore walls containing graphene sheets, wherein said graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements or a non- pristine graphene material having 0.01% to 20% by weight of non-carbon elements, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said graphene sheets are interconnected or chemically merged together without an adhesive resin; and (b) selenium coating or particles residing in said pores or bonded to said pore walls of said solid graphene foam, wherein said solid graphene foam further accommodates a second element selected from Bi and the weight of said second element is less than the weight of selenium. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium coating or particles have a thickness or diameter from 0.5 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 100 nm to 2 mm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 10 m to 500 pm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite filler selected from a carbon or graphite fiber, carbon or graphite nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon nanorod, mesophase carbon particle, mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake, needle coke, carbon black or acetylene black, activated carbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene contains a functional group attached thereto to make the graphene sheets in a liquid medium exhibit a negative Zeta potential from -55 mV to -0.1 mV. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from alkyl or aryl silane, alkyl or aralkyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, carboxylic group, amine group, sulfonate group (--S O 3 H), aldehydic group, quinoidal, fluorocarbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from a derivative of a compound selected from the group consisting of 2-azidoethanol, 3-azidopropan- 1 -amine, 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 2-azidoethyl-2-bromo-2-methy l propanoate, ch lo rocarbonate, azidocarbonate, dich l orocarbene, carbene, aryne, nitrene, (R-)- oxycarbonyl nitrenes, where R = any one of the following groups, SVG 15948367.03-14-2022.L₀R₆CJ₇AGREENX1.CLM.1.svg 2.69 3.19 Black and white and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from an oxygenated g roup selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, peroxide, ether, keto, and aldehyde. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of -S O 3 H,-C OOH, -NH 2, -OH, -R'CHOH, -CHO, -CN,-COCI, halide,-C OSH, -SH, -COOR', -SR', -SiR'3, -Si(--OR ' --) yR' 3-y, -Si(--O--SiR' 2 --)OR', -R", Li, A IR' 2, H g --X, TlZ 2 and Mg--X; wherein y is an integer equal to or less than 3, R' is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl, cycloaryl, or poly(alkylether), R" is fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, f l uorocycloalkyl, fluoroaralkyl or cycloa r yl, X is halide, and Z is carboxylate or trifluoroacetate, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of amidoamines, polyamides, aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic am i nes, cyc l oaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, anhydrides, ketimines, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene-tetramine (TETA), tetraethylene-pentamine (TEPA), polyethylene polyamine, polyamine epoxy adduct, phenolic hardener, non-brominated curing agent, non-amine curatives, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from O Y, NHY, O = C--OY, P = C--NR'Y, O = C--SY, O= C--Y, --CR'1--OY, N Y or C'Y, and Y is a functional group of a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an antigen, or an enzyme substrate, enzyme inhibitor or the transition state analog of an enzyme substrate or is selected from R'--OH, R'--NR' 2, R'SH, R'CHO, R'CN, R'X, R'N + (R') 3 X-, R'SiR' 3, R'Si(--OR'--)yR'3-y, R'Si(--O--SiR'2--)OR', R'--R", R'--N--CO, (C₂H₄ 0 --) W H, (--C₃H₆ 0 --) W H, (--C₂H₄₀) W-- R', (C 3 H 6 O)W --R', R', and w is an integer greater than one and less than 200. Previously presented
An alkali metal-selenium battery containing an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode comprises the graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer
alkali metal-selenium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solid graphene foam
selenium
Se
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam density (without selenium) | 0.001–1.5 g/cm3 | solid graphene foam |
selenium weight fraction in cathode layer | 40–95 % |
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STORAGE BATTERY ELECTRODE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, STORAGE BATTERY, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND GRAPHENE
MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS, ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES USING MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS AS ELECTRODES, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
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US 11,515,540Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG. 2(B) Schematic of solid graphene foam containing Se particles or coating residing in interconnected pores (open cells) of this open-cell graphene foam.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10 The charge and discharge cycling results of two Li-Se cells, one containing a presently invented cathode structure of GO-derived graphene foam …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Canceled
The alkali metal-selenium battery of claim 1 8, wherein said solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (ME C), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (7-BL), acetonitrile (AN), ethyl acetate (E A), propyl formate (PF), methyl formate (MF), toluene, xylene, methyl acetate (MA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). vinylene carbonate (VC), allyl ethyl carbonate (AEC), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2- dimethoxyethane (DME), tetraethylene glycol dimethylether (TEGDME), poly(ethylene g lycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME), diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (DEGDBE), 2- ethoxyethyl ether (EEE), sulfone, sulfolane, room temperature ionic liquid, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains a three-dimensional network of interconnected open cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains closed cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam, when measured without said selenium, has a density ranging from about 0.001 g/cm 3 to about 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium occupies a weight fraction of 40%-95% based on the total weight of the solid graphene foam and selenium combined. Previously presented
A graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer for an alkali metal-selenium cell, comprising: (a) a sheet or a roll of solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores or cells and pore walls containing graphene sheets, wherein said graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements or a non- pristine graphene material having 0.01% to 20% by weight of non-carbon elements, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said graphene sheets are interconnected or chemically merged together without an adhesive resin; and (b) selenium coating or particles residing in said pores or bonded to said pore walls of said solid graphene foam, wherein said solid graphene foam further accommodates a second element selected from Bi and the weight of said second element is less than the weight of selenium. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium coating or particles have a thickness or diameter from 0.5 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 100 nm to 2 mm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 10 m to 500 pm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite filler selected from a carbon or graphite fiber, carbon or graphite nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon nanorod, mesophase carbon particle, mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake, needle coke, carbon black or acetylene black, activated carbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene contains a functional group attached thereto to make the graphene sheets in a liquid medium exhibit a negative Zeta potential from -55 mV to -0.1 mV. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from alkyl or aryl silane, alkyl or aralkyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, carboxylic group, amine group, sulfonate group (--S O 3 H), aldehydic group, quinoidal, fluorocarbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from a derivative of a compound selected from the group consisting of 2-azidoethanol, 3-azidopropan- 1 -amine, 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 2-azidoethyl-2-bromo-2-methy l propanoate, ch lo rocarbonate, azidocarbonate, dich l orocarbene, carbene, aryne, nitrene, (R-)- oxycarbonyl nitrenes, where R = any one of the following groups, SVG 15948367.03-14-2022.L₀R₆CJ₇AGREENX1.CLM.1.svg 2.69 3.19 Black and white and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from an oxygenated g roup selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, peroxide, ether, keto, and aldehyde. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of -S O 3 H,-C OOH, -NH 2, -OH, -R'CHOH, -CHO, -CN,-COCI, halide,-C OSH, -SH, -COOR', -SR', -SiR'3, -Si(--OR ' --) yR' 3-y, -Si(--O--SiR' 2 --)OR', -R", Li, A IR' 2, H g --X, TlZ 2 and Mg--X; wherein y is an integer equal to or less than 3, R' is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl, cycloaryl, or poly(alkylether), R" is fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, f l uorocycloalkyl, fluoroaralkyl or cycloa r yl, X is halide, and Z is carboxylate or trifluoroacetate, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of amidoamines, polyamides, aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic am i nes, cyc l oaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, anhydrides, ketimines, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene-tetramine (TETA), tetraethylene-pentamine (TEPA), polyethylene polyamine, polyamine epoxy adduct, phenolic hardener, non-brominated curing agent, non-amine curatives, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from O Y, NHY, O = C--OY, P = C--NR'Y, O = C--SY, O= C--Y, --CR'1--OY, N Y or C'Y, and Y is a functional group of a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an antigen, or an enzyme substrate, enzyme inhibitor or the transition state analog of an enzyme substrate or is selected from R'--OH, R'--NR' 2, R'SH, R'CHO, R'CN, R'X, R'N + (R') 3 X-, R'SiR' 3, R'Si(--OR'--)yR'3-y, R'Si(--O--SiR'2--)OR', R'--R", R'--N--CO, (C₂H₄ 0 --) W H, (--C₃H₆ 0 --) W H, (--C₂H₄₀) W-- R', (C 3 H 6 O)W --R', R', and w is an integer greater than one and less than 200. Previously presented
An alkali metal-selenium battery containing an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode comprises the graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer
alkali metal-selenium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solid graphene foam
selenium
Se
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam density (without selenium) | 0.001–1.5 g/cm3 | solid graphene foam |
selenium weight fraction in cathode layer | 40–95 % |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
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Patent
Atlas literature
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US 11,515,540Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 Schematic drawing illustrating the processes for producing conventional paper, mat, film, and membrane of simply aggregated graphite or NGP …
FIG. 2(B) Schematic of solid graphene foam containing Se particles or coating residing in interconnected pores (open cells) of this open-cell graphene foam.
FIG. 3 A possible mechanism of chemical linking between graphene oxide sheets, which mechanism effectively increases the graphene sheet lateral dimensions.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 6(B) Thermal conductivity values of the GO suspension-derived foam, sacrificial plastic bead-templated GO foam, and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam …
FIG. 7 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and GF (graphene fluoride) as a function of the specific gravity.
FIG. 8 Thermal conductivity values of graphene foam samples derived from GO and pristine graphene as a function of the final (maximum) heat treatment …
FIG. 9(A) Inter-graphene plane spacing in graphene foam walls as measured by X-ray diffraction;
FIG. 10 The charge and discharge cycling results of two Li-Se cells, one containing a presently invented cathode structure of GO-derived graphene foam …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
Canceled
The alkali metal-selenium battery of claim 1 8, wherein said solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), methylethyl carbonate (ME C), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, propylene carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolactone (7-BL), acetonitrile (AN), ethyl acetate (E A), propyl formate (PF), methyl formate (MF), toluene, xylene, methyl acetate (MA), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). vinylene carbonate (VC), allyl ethyl carbonate (AEC), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL), 1,2- dimethoxyethane (DME), tetraethylene glycol dimethylether (TEGDME), poly(ethylene g lycol) dimethyl ether (PEGDME), diethylene glycol dibutyl ether (DEGDBE), 2- ethoxyethyl ether (EEE), sulfone, sulfolane, room temperature ionic liquid, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains a three-dimensional network of interconnected open cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam contains closed cells. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam, when measured without said selenium, has a density ranging from about 0.001 g/cm 3 to about 1.5 g/cm 3. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium occupies a weight fraction of 40%-95% based on the total weight of the solid graphene foam and selenium combined. Previously presented
A graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer for an alkali metal-selenium cell, comprising: (a) a sheet or a roll of solid graphene foam composed of multiple pores or cells and pore walls containing graphene sheets, wherein said graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having less than 0.01% by weight of non-carbon elements or a non- pristine graphene material having 0.01% to 20% by weight of non-carbon elements, wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said graphene sheets are interconnected or chemically merged together without an adhesive resin; and (b) selenium coating or particles residing in said pores or bonded to said pore walls of said solid graphene foam, wherein said solid graphene foam further accommodates a second element selected from Bi and the weight of said second element is less than the weight of selenium. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said selenium coating or particles have a thickness or diameter from 0.5 nm to 100 nm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 100 nm to 2 mm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, having a thickness from 10 m to 500 pm. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said solid graphene foam further contains a carbon or graphite filler selected from a carbon or graphite fiber, carbon or graphite nanofiber, carbon nanotube, carbon nanorod, mesophase carbon particle, mesocarbon microbead, expanded graphite flake, needle coke, carbon black or acetylene black, activated carbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene contains a functional group attached thereto to make the graphene sheets in a liquid medium exhibit a negative Zeta potential from -55 mV to -0.1 mV. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from alkyl or aryl silane, alkyl or aralkyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, carboxylic group, amine group, sulfonate group (--S O 3 H), aldehydic group, quinoidal, fluorocarbon, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from a derivative of a compound selected from the group consisting of 2-azidoethanol, 3-azidopropan- 1 -amine, 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 2-azidoethyl-2-bromo-2-methy l propanoate, ch lo rocarbonate, azidocarbonate, dich l orocarbene, carbene, aryne, nitrene, (R-)- oxycarbonyl nitrenes, where R = any one of the following groups, SVG 15948367.03-14-2022.L₀R₆CJ₇AGREENX1.CLM.1.svg 2.69 3.19 Black and white and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from an oxygenated g roup selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, peroxide, ether, keto, and aldehyde. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of -S O 3 H,-C OOH, -NH 2, -OH, -R'CHOH, -CHO, -CN,-COCI, halide,-C OSH, -SH, -COOR', -SR', -SiR'3, -Si(--OR ' --) yR' 3-y, -Si(--O--SiR' 2 --)OR', -R", Li, A IR' 2, H g --X, TlZ 2 and Mg--X; wherein y is an integer equal to or less than 3, R' is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl, cycloaryl, or poly(alkylether), R" is fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, f l uorocycloalkyl, fluoroaralkyl or cycloa r yl, X is halide, and Z is carboxylate or trifluoroacetate, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from the group consisting of amidoamines, polyamides, aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic am i nes, cyc l oaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, anhydrides, ketimines, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene-tetramine (TETA), tetraethylene-pentamine (TEPA), polyethylene polyamine, polyamine epoxy adduct, phenolic hardener, non-brominated curing agent, non-amine curatives, and combinations thereof. Previously presented
The graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6, wherein said chemically functionalized graphene comprises graphene sheets having a chemical functional group selected from O Y, NHY, O = C--OY, P = C--NR'Y, O = C--SY, O= C--Y, --CR'1--OY, N Y or C'Y, and Y is a functional group of a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an antigen, or an enzyme substrate, enzyme inhibitor or the transition state analog of an enzyme substrate or is selected from R'--OH, R'--NR' 2, R'SH, R'CHO, R'CN, R'X, R'N + (R') 3 X-, R'SiR' 3, R'Si(--OR'--)yR'3-y, R'Si(--O--SiR'2--)OR', R'--R", R'--N--CO, (C₂H₄ 0 --) W H, (--C₃H₆ 0 --) W H, (--C₂H₄₀) W-- R', (C 3 H 6 O)W --R', R', and w is an integer greater than one and less than 200. Previously presented
An alkali metal-selenium battery containing an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte in ionic contact with the cathode and the anode, wherein the cathode comprises the graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer of claim 6. Previously presented
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
graphene foam-protected selenium cathode layer
alkali metal-selenium battery
Materials described outside the worked examples.
solid graphene foam
selenium
Se
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 4 In -plane and through-plane electrical conductivity values of some GO-derived graphene foam sheets (prepared by Comma coating, heat treatment, and …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
solid graphene foam density (without selenium) | 0.001–1.5 g/cm3 | solid graphene foam |
selenium weight fraction in cathode layer | 40–95 % |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
STORAGE BATTERY ELECTRODE, MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF, STORAGE BATTERY, ELECTRONIC DEVICE, AND GRAPHENE
MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS, ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES USING MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS AS ELECTRODES, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING MULTI-LAYERED GRAPHENE FILMS AND ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
chemically functionalized graphene
bismuth (second element additive)
Bi
carbon or graphite filler
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
selenium coating or particle thickness or diameter | 0.5–100 nm | Se |
cathode layer thickness (claim 8) | 100–2000000 nm | — |
negative Zeta potential of chemically functionalized graphene sheets in liquid medium | -55–-0.1 mV | chemically functionalized graphene |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 100–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 0–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 4–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 20–25 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |
chemically functionalized graphene
bismuth (second element additive)
Bi
carbon or graphite filler
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
selenium coating or particle thickness or diameter | 0.5–100 nm | Se |
cathode layer thickness (claim 8) | 100–2000000 nm | — |
negative Zeta potential of chemically functionalized graphene sheets in liquid medium | -55–-0.1 mV | chemically functionalized graphene |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 100–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 0–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 4–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 20–25 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |
chemically functionalized graphene
bismuth (second element additive)
Bi
carbon or graphite filler
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
selenium coating or particle thickness or diameter | 0.5–100 nm | Se |
cathode layer thickness (claim 8) | 100–2000000 nm | — |
negative Zeta potential of chemically functionalized graphene sheets in liquid medium | -55–-0.1 mV | chemically functionalized graphene |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 100–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 0–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 4–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 20–25 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |
chemically functionalized graphene
bismuth (second element additive)
Bi
carbon or graphite filler
pristine graphene
graphene oxide
reduced graphene oxide
FIG. 5(C) Electrical conductivity data for the GO suspension-derived foam produced by the presently invented process and the hydrothermally reduced GO graphene …
FIG. 11 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of two Li metal-selenium cells each containing a pristine graphene foam cathode containing Se …
FIG. 12 Ragone plots (cell power density vs. cell energy density) of 4 alkali metal-selenium cells: a Na-Se cell featuring an open-cell RGO foam-based cathode …
selenium coating or particle thickness or diameter | 0.5–100 nm | Se |
cathode layer thickness (claim 8) | 100–2000000 nm | — |
negative Zeta potential of chemically functionalized graphene sheets in liquid medium | -55–-0.1 mV | chemically functionalized graphene |
Thickness | 1–10 nm | — |
Temperature | 80–3200 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Temperature | 100–3000 °C | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Temperature | 0–500 °C | — |
Temperature | 100–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 hours | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 4–120 hours | — |
Temperature | 20–25 °C | — |
— | 140–300 W | — |
— | 10–30 W | — |
Temperature | 200–400 °C | — |
Temperature | 150–250 °C | — |
Duration | 5–16 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–350 °C | — |
Duration | 1–8 hours | — |
Temperature | 1500–2850 °C | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Temperature | 80–500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1500 °C | — |
Duration | 1–10 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Temperature | 200–350 °C | — |
Temperature | 3000–3250 °C | — |
Pressure | ≤ 1 torr | — |
Temperature | ≤ 2500 °C | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.4 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2100 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 2500 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Temperature | 300–1500 °C | — |
Temperature | 1500–2100 °C | — |
Temperature | 2100–3200 °C | — |
Temperature | ≤ 800 °C | — |