Patent
US 10,135,063CRUMPLED GRAPHENE-ENCAPSULATED NANOSTRUCTURES AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY ANODES MADE THEREFROM
Jiaxing Huang
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,135,063Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Schematic drawing illustrating a method and apparatus for the aerosol assisted capillary assembly of crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles. [0012]
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
FIG. 6. Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles at current densities ranging from 0.2 to 4 A/g.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A material comprising a layer of capsules, the capsules each comprising: a crumpled graphene shell comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures encapsulated within the crumpled graphene shell, wherein: the crumpled graphene shell is configured to encapsulate the silicon nanostructures, such that when the material is disposed in an electrolyte, the crumpled graphene shell prevents contact between the silicon nanostructures and a solvent of the electrolyte, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 p m; and when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell at a silicon to graphene weight ratio of 60:40, the material has an initial coulombic efficiency of at least 73%, after an initial charge-discharge cycle at a current density of 1A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are micron- sized graphene sheets that form crumpled ball structures that isolate and completely encapsulate the silicon nanostructures. Previously presented
The material of claim 1, wherein the silicon nanostructures are nanoparticles having diameters in the range from about 50 n m to about 100 nm. Previously presented
A lithium ion battery comprising: an anode comprising the material of claim 1; a solid electrolyte interface layer disposed only on outer surfaces of crumpled graphene shells of the material and not on outer surfaces of the silicon nanostructures; a counter electrode; and an electrolyte in electrical communication with the anode and the counter electrode wherein the battery retains a charge capacity of at least 83% a ft er 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene oxide sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 1 wherein a plurality of ridges extend outwardly from an outer surface of the crumpled graphene shell. Previously presented
9-12. Canceled
Canceled
The material of claim I wherein the capsules have a mass fraction of silicon nanostructures of from about 50 percent to about 60 percent. Previously presented
The material of claim I wherein the crumpled graphene shell has a fractal-dimensional ball structure. Previously presented
The material of claim 15 wherein the fractal-dimensional ball structure has a fractal dimension from about 2 to about 3. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
A material comprising capsules, each capsule comprising: a shell structure encapsulating a void space and comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures disposed inside the crumpled shell structure and in the void space, wherein when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell, the material has a coulombic efficiency that approaches about 99% after 20 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 pm. Currently amended
The material of claim 21 wherein the void space is devoid of graphene sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the enclosed shell structure defines a single void space that is devoid of graphene sheets and within which the silicon nanostructures are disposed. Previously presented
25-30. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
An aqueous dispersion of micron-sized graphene oxide (GO) sheets and Si nanoparticles is nebulized using an ultrasonic atomizer to form aerosol droplets. A carrier gas (N₂) transports the droplets through a preheated tube furnace. Rapid evaporation-induced capillary forces compress and wrap the GO/graphene sheets around the Si nanostructures, forming sub-micron crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si capsules that are collected on a filter at the furnace exhaust.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crumpled graphene-encapsulated silicon nanostructure capsule
lithium ion battery with crumpled graphene-Si anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crumpled graphene shell
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
initial_coulombic_efficiency | ≥ 73 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
charge_capacity_retention_after_250_cycles |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,135,063Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Schematic drawing illustrating a method and apparatus for the aerosol assisted capillary assembly of crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles. [0012]
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
FIG. 6. Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles at current densities ranging from 0.2 to 4 A/g.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A material comprising a layer of capsules, the capsules each comprising: a crumpled graphene shell comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures encapsulated within the crumpled graphene shell, wherein: the crumpled graphene shell is configured to encapsulate the silicon nanostructures, such that when the material is disposed in an electrolyte, the crumpled graphene shell prevents contact between the silicon nanostructures and a solvent of the electrolyte, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 p m; and when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell at a silicon to graphene weight ratio of 60:40, the material has an initial coulombic efficiency of at least 73%, after an initial charge-discharge cycle at a current density of 1A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are micron- sized graphene sheets that form crumpled ball structures that isolate and completely encapsulate the silicon nanostructures. Previously presented
The material of claim 1, wherein the silicon nanostructures are nanoparticles having diameters in the range from about 50 n m to about 100 nm. Previously presented
A lithium ion battery comprising: an anode comprising the material of claim 1; a solid electrolyte interface layer disposed only on outer surfaces of crumpled graphene shells of the material and not on outer surfaces of the silicon nanostructures; a counter electrode; and an electrolyte in electrical communication with the anode and the counter electrode wherein the battery retains a charge capacity of at least 83% a ft er 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene oxide sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 1 wherein a plurality of ridges extend outwardly from an outer surface of the crumpled graphene shell. Previously presented
9-12. Canceled
Canceled
The material of claim I wherein the capsules have a mass fraction of silicon nanostructures of from about 50 percent to about 60 percent. Previously presented
The material of claim I wherein the crumpled graphene shell has a fractal-dimensional ball structure. Previously presented
The material of claim 15 wherein the fractal-dimensional ball structure has a fractal dimension from about 2 to about 3. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
A material comprising capsules, each capsule comprising: a shell structure encapsulating a void space and comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures disposed inside the crumpled shell structure and in the void space, wherein when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell, the material has a coulombic efficiency that approaches about 99% after 20 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 pm. Currently amended
The material of claim 21 wherein the void space is devoid of graphene sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the enclosed shell structure defines a single void space that is devoid of graphene sheets and within which the silicon nanostructures are disposed. Previously presented
25-30. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
An aqueous dispersion of micron-sized graphene oxide (GO) sheets and Si nanoparticles is nebulized using an ultrasonic atomizer to form aerosol droplets. A carrier gas (N₂) transports the droplets through a preheated tube furnace. Rapid evaporation-induced capillary forces compress and wrap the GO/graphene sheets around the Si nanostructures, forming sub-micron crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si capsules that are collected on a filter at the furnace exhaust.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crumpled graphene-encapsulated silicon nanostructure capsule
lithium ion battery with crumpled graphene-Si anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crumpled graphene shell
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
initial_coulombic_efficiency | ≥ 73 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
charge_capacity_retention_after_250_cycles |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,135,063Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Schematic drawing illustrating a method and apparatus for the aerosol assisted capillary assembly of crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles. [0012]
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
FIG. 6. Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles at current densities ranging from 0.2 to 4 A/g.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A material comprising a layer of capsules, the capsules each comprising: a crumpled graphene shell comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures encapsulated within the crumpled graphene shell, wherein: the crumpled graphene shell is configured to encapsulate the silicon nanostructures, such that when the material is disposed in an electrolyte, the crumpled graphene shell prevents contact between the silicon nanostructures and a solvent of the electrolyte, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 p m; and when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell at a silicon to graphene weight ratio of 60:40, the material has an initial coulombic efficiency of at least 73%, after an initial charge-discharge cycle at a current density of 1A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are micron- sized graphene sheets that form crumpled ball structures that isolate and completely encapsulate the silicon nanostructures. Previously presented
The material of claim 1, wherein the silicon nanostructures are nanoparticles having diameters in the range from about 50 n m to about 100 nm. Previously presented
A lithium ion battery comprising: an anode comprising the material of claim 1; a solid electrolyte interface layer disposed only on outer surfaces of crumpled graphene shells of the material and not on outer surfaces of the silicon nanostructures; a counter electrode; and an electrolyte in electrical communication with the anode and the counter electrode wherein the battery retains a charge capacity of at least 83% a ft er 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene oxide sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 1 wherein a plurality of ridges extend outwardly from an outer surface of the crumpled graphene shell. Previously presented
9-12. Canceled
Canceled
The material of claim I wherein the capsules have a mass fraction of silicon nanostructures of from about 50 percent to about 60 percent. Previously presented
The material of claim I wherein the crumpled graphene shell has a fractal-dimensional ball structure. Previously presented
The material of claim 15 wherein the fractal-dimensional ball structure has a fractal dimension from about 2 to about 3. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
A material comprising capsules, each capsule comprising: a shell structure encapsulating a void space and comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures disposed inside the crumpled shell structure and in the void space, wherein when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell, the material has a coulombic efficiency that approaches about 99% after 20 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 pm. Currently amended
The material of claim 21 wherein the void space is devoid of graphene sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the enclosed shell structure defines a single void space that is devoid of graphene sheets and within which the silicon nanostructures are disposed. Previously presented
25-30. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
An aqueous dispersion of micron-sized graphene oxide (GO) sheets and Si nanoparticles is nebulized using an ultrasonic atomizer to form aerosol droplets. A carrier gas (N₂) transports the droplets through a preheated tube furnace. Rapid evaporation-induced capillary forces compress and wrap the GO/graphene sheets around the Si nanostructures, forming sub-micron crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si capsules that are collected on a filter at the furnace exhaust.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crumpled graphene-encapsulated silicon nanostructure capsule
lithium ion battery with crumpled graphene-Si anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crumpled graphene shell
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
initial_coulombic_efficiency | ≥ 73 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
charge_capacity_retention_after_250_cycles |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,135,063Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Schematic drawing illustrating a method and apparatus for the aerosol assisted capillary assembly of crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles. [0012]
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
FIG. 6. Galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles at current densities ranging from 0.2 to 4 A/g.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A material comprising a layer of capsules, the capsules each comprising: a crumpled graphene shell comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures encapsulated within the crumpled graphene shell, wherein: the crumpled graphene shell is configured to encapsulate the silicon nanostructures, such that when the material is disposed in an electrolyte, the crumpled graphene shell prevents contact between the silicon nanostructures and a solvent of the electrolyte, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 p m; and when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell at a silicon to graphene weight ratio of 60:40, the material has an initial coulombic efficiency of at least 73%, after an initial charge-discharge cycle at a current density of 1A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1, wherein the graphene sheets are micron- sized graphene sheets that form crumpled ball structures that isolate and completely encapsulate the silicon nanostructures. Previously presented
The material of claim 1, wherein the silicon nanostructures are nanoparticles having diameters in the range from about 50 n m to about 100 nm. Previously presented
A lithium ion battery comprising: an anode comprising the material of claim 1; a solid electrolyte interface layer disposed only on outer surfaces of crumpled graphene shells of the material and not on outer surfaces of the silicon nanostructures; a counter electrode; and an electrolyte in electrical communication with the anode and the counter electrode wherein the battery retains a charge capacity of at least 83% a ft er 250 consecutive cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g. Currently amended
The material of claim 1 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene oxide sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 1 wherein a plurality of ridges extend outwardly from an outer surface of the crumpled graphene shell. Previously presented
9-12. Canceled
Canceled
The material of claim I wherein the capsules have a mass fraction of silicon nanostructures of from about 50 percent to about 60 percent. Previously presented
The material of claim I wherein the crumpled graphene shell has a fractal-dimensional ball structure. Previously presented
The material of claim 15 wherein the fractal-dimensional ball structure has a fractal dimension from about 2 to about 3. Previously presented
19-20. Canceled
Canceled
A material comprising capsules, each capsule comprising: a shell structure encapsulating a void space and comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures disposed inside the crumpled shell structure and in the void space, wherein when incorporated in a lithium-ion cell, the material has a coulombic efficiency that approaches about 99% after 20 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and the material retains a charge capacity of at least 83% after 250 cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, and wherein the average size of the capsules is less than 1 pm. Currently amended
The material of claim 21 wherein the void space is devoid of graphene sheets. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the graphene sheets comprise graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, or a combination thereof. Previously presented
The material of claim 21 wherein the enclosed shell structure defines a single void space that is devoid of graphene sheets and within which the silicon nanostructures are disposed. Previously presented
25-30. Canceled
Canceled
Embodiments described in the patent, grouped by the materials and process steps they use.
3 materials1 process step
An aqueous dispersion of micron-sized graphene oxide (GO) sheets and Si nanoparticles is nebulized using an ultrasonic atomizer to form aerosol droplets. A carrier gas (N₂) transports the droplets through a preheated tube furnace. Rapid evaporation-induced capillary forces compress and wrap the GO/graphene sheets around the Si nanostructures, forming sub-micron crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si capsules that are collected on a filter at the furnace exhaust.
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crumpled graphene-encapsulated silicon nanostructure capsule
lithium ion battery with crumpled graphene-Si anode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crumpled graphene shell
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
initial_coulombic_efficiency | ≥ 73 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
charge_capacity_retention_after_250_cycles |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
| ≥ 83 % |
crumpled graphene shellSi |
coulombic_efficiency_after_20_cycles | ≥ 99 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Voltage | 2- 0.02 V | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 600–2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 600 °C | — |
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
| ≥ 83 % |
crumpled graphene shellSi |
coulombic_efficiency_after_20_cycles | ≥ 99 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Voltage | 2- 0.02 V | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 600–2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 600 °C | — |
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
| ≥ 83 % |
crumpled graphene shellSi |
coulombic_efficiency_after_20_cycles | ≥ 99 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Voltage | 2- 0.02 V | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 600–2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 600 °C | — |
FIG. 2D. STEM image of a single capsule under Z- contrast transmission mode, clearly showing encapsulated Si nanoparticles.
FIG. 3. Coulombic efficiency of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si nanoparticles at …
FIG. 4. Charge/discharge cycling capacity of an anode comprising crumpled graphene wrapped Si nanoparticles in comparison to an anode comprising unwrapped Si …
FIG. 5. SEM image of the capsules after 250 cycles showing that Si nanoparticles were still encapsulated in the crumpled graphene. [0016]
| ≥ 83 % |
crumpled graphene shellSi |
coulombic_efficiency_after_20_cycles | ≥ 99 % | crumpled graphene shellSi |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 5–10 nm | — |
Voltage | 2- 0.02 V | — |
Thickness | 0.1–1000 nm | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
Temperature | 600–2000 °C | — |
Thickness | ≥ 500 nm | — |
Temperature | ≥ 500 °C | — |
Temperature | ≥ 600 °C | — |