Patent
US 10,974,208GRAPHENE OXIDE MEMBRANES AND RELATED METHODS
Shreya H. Dave
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,974,208Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Theoretically, the distance 16 between the layers (e.g., interlayer spacing, d-spacing) is relatively small and could provide a controlled molecular …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a graphene oxide membrane under various conditions, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 25 membrane, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 5 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; 30
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 10 membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 7. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, agent 270 may alter 25 the f u nctional group on the graphene oxide sheet used to form the linkage as illustrated by f u …
FIG. 9. As illustrated in
FIG. 10. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 11 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane comprising non-ionizable f u nctional groups, according to certain …
FIG. 12 shows schematic of the mechanism of water flow through a multi-layer GO membrane. The interlayer spacing, or d-spacing, is the critical dimension for …
FIG. 13 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; -7-
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 17 is a schematic of a stirred cell setup used to measure the flux and rejection of graphene oxide membranes, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 18B. Kapton tape was used to seal the membrane. The Parafilm was placed directly on the stainless steel support of the stirred cell. All membranes were …
FIG. 19.
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 25 is an image of a crosslinked graphene oxide membranes having various chemical linkages after exposure to certain conditions, according to certain …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: crosslinked graphene oxide sheets, wherein a thickness of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 0.2 microns and a weight percentage of graphene oxide in the membrane is greater than or equal to about 70 wt.%. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide sheets are covalently crosslinked. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average d-spacing of the membrane is less than or equal to about 10 A when saturated with water. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less than or equal to about 1 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 microns. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a molecular weight cutoff of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 250 g/mol. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more oxidizing agents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more chlorinated solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more nonpolar solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a maximum compatible pH of greater than or equal to about 9. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a minimum compatible pH of less than or equal to about 5. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 65 ° C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 100 C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, further comprising a chemical linkage that attaches a graphene oxide sheet to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and indicates attachment to the backbone of a g raphene oxide sheet. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an than or equal to about 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the Previously presented average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less is a free-standing membrane. Previously crosslinked graphene sheets are free-standing.
Canceled
4-5. Canceled
Canceled
A membrane, comprising: a first graphene oxide sheet; a second graphene oxide sheet; and a chemical linkage that attaches the first graphene oxide sheet to the second graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 0.28 4.34 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein the chemical linkage is selected from: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 1.8 5.13 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 1 A. Previously presented
7-8. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
16-17. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
24-33. Canceled
Canceled
35-58. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crosslinked graphene oxide membrane
chemically linked graphene oxide membrane (Formula I)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets
chemical linkage of Formula I
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average d-spacing when saturated with water (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 10 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 11) |
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GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR GAS SEPARATION, REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
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FIG. 1. Theoretically, the distance 16 between the layers (e.g., interlayer spacing, d-spacing) is relatively small and could provide a controlled molecular …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a graphene oxide membrane under various conditions, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 25 membrane, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 5 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; 30
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 10 membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 7. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, agent 270 may alter 25 the f u nctional group on the graphene oxide sheet used to form the linkage as illustrated by f u …
FIG. 9. As illustrated in
FIG. 10. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 11 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane comprising non-ionizable f u nctional groups, according to certain …
FIG. 12 shows schematic of the mechanism of water flow through a multi-layer GO membrane. The interlayer spacing, or d-spacing, is the critical dimension for …
FIG. 13 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; -7-
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 17 is a schematic of a stirred cell setup used to measure the flux and rejection of graphene oxide membranes, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 18B. Kapton tape was used to seal the membrane. The Parafilm was placed directly on the stainless steel support of the stirred cell. All membranes were …
FIG. 19.
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 25 is an image of a crosslinked graphene oxide membranes having various chemical linkages after exposure to certain conditions, according to certain …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: crosslinked graphene oxide sheets, wherein a thickness of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 0.2 microns and a weight percentage of graphene oxide in the membrane is greater than or equal to about 70 wt.%. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide sheets are covalently crosslinked. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average d-spacing of the membrane is less than or equal to about 10 A when saturated with water. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less than or equal to about 1 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 microns. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a molecular weight cutoff of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 250 g/mol. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more oxidizing agents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more chlorinated solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more nonpolar solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a maximum compatible pH of greater than or equal to about 9. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a minimum compatible pH of less than or equal to about 5. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 65 ° C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 100 C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, further comprising a chemical linkage that attaches a graphene oxide sheet to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and indicates attachment to the backbone of a g raphene oxide sheet. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an than or equal to about 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the Previously presented average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less is a free-standing membrane. Previously crosslinked graphene sheets are free-standing.
Canceled
4-5. Canceled
Canceled
A membrane, comprising: a first graphene oxide sheet; a second graphene oxide sheet; and a chemical linkage that attaches the first graphene oxide sheet to the second graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 0.28 4.34 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein the chemical linkage is selected from: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 1.8 5.13 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 1 A. Previously presented
7-8. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
16-17. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
24-33. Canceled
Canceled
35-58. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crosslinked graphene oxide membrane
chemically linked graphene oxide membrane (Formula I)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets
chemical linkage of Formula I
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average d-spacing when saturated with water (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 10 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 11) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR GAS SEPARATION, REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
TUNABLE GRAPHENE-BASED INFRARED REFLECTANCE FILTER HAVING PATTERNED NANOANTENNA LAYER AND UNPATTERNED GRAPHENE LAYER
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,974,208Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Theoretically, the distance 16 between the layers (e.g., interlayer spacing, d-spacing) is relatively small and could provide a controlled molecular …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a graphene oxide membrane under various conditions, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 25 membrane, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 5 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; 30
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 10 membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 7. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, agent 270 may alter 25 the f u nctional group on the graphene oxide sheet used to form the linkage as illustrated by f u …
FIG. 9. As illustrated in
FIG. 10. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 11 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane comprising non-ionizable f u nctional groups, according to certain …
FIG. 12 shows schematic of the mechanism of water flow through a multi-layer GO membrane. The interlayer spacing, or d-spacing, is the critical dimension for …
FIG. 13 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; -7-
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 17 is a schematic of a stirred cell setup used to measure the flux and rejection of graphene oxide membranes, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 18B. Kapton tape was used to seal the membrane. The Parafilm was placed directly on the stainless steel support of the stirred cell. All membranes were …
FIG. 19.
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 25 is an image of a crosslinked graphene oxide membranes having various chemical linkages after exposure to certain conditions, according to certain …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: crosslinked graphene oxide sheets, wherein a thickness of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 0.2 microns and a weight percentage of graphene oxide in the membrane is greater than or equal to about 70 wt.%. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide sheets are covalently crosslinked. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average d-spacing of the membrane is less than or equal to about 10 A when saturated with water. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less than or equal to about 1 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 microns. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a molecular weight cutoff of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 250 g/mol. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more oxidizing agents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more chlorinated solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more nonpolar solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a maximum compatible pH of greater than or equal to about 9. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a minimum compatible pH of less than or equal to about 5. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 65 ° C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 100 C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, further comprising a chemical linkage that attaches a graphene oxide sheet to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and indicates attachment to the backbone of a g raphene oxide sheet. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an than or equal to about 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the Previously presented average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less is a free-standing membrane. Previously crosslinked graphene sheets are free-standing.
Canceled
4-5. Canceled
Canceled
A membrane, comprising: a first graphene oxide sheet; a second graphene oxide sheet; and a chemical linkage that attaches the first graphene oxide sheet to the second graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 0.28 4.34 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein the chemical linkage is selected from: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 1.8 5.13 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 1 A. Previously presented
7-8. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
16-17. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
24-33. Canceled
Canceled
35-58. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crosslinked graphene oxide membrane
chemically linked graphene oxide membrane (Formula I)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets
chemical linkage of Formula I
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average d-spacing when saturated with water (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 10 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 11) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR GAS SEPARATION, REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
TUNABLE GRAPHENE-BASED INFRARED REFLECTANCE FILTER HAVING PATTERNED NANOANTENNA LAYER AND UNPATTERNED GRAPHENE LAYER
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,974,208Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1. Theoretically, the distance 16 between the layers (e.g., interlayer spacing, d-spacing) is relatively small and could provide a controlled molecular …
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a graphene oxide membrane under various conditions, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 25 membrane, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 5 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; 30
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide 10 membrane, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 7. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 8. In certain embodiments, agent 270 may alter 25 the f u nctional group on the graphene oxide sheet used to form the linkage as illustrated by f u …
FIG. 9. As illustrated in
FIG. 10. In some embodiments, as illustrated in
FIG. 11 B is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane comprising non-ionizable f u nctional groups, according to certain …
FIG. 12 shows schematic of the mechanism of water flow through a multi-layer GO membrane. The interlayer spacing, or d-spacing, is the critical dimension for …
FIG. 13 is a schematic of a method of forming a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane, according to one set of embodiments; -7-
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 17 is a schematic of a stirred cell setup used to measure the flux and rejection of graphene oxide membranes, according to one set of embodiments;
FIG. 18B. Kapton tape was used to seal the membrane. The Parafilm was placed directly on the stainless steel support of the stirred cell. All membranes were …
FIG. 19.
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 25 is an image of a crosslinked graphene oxide membranes having various chemical linkages after exposure to certain conditions, according to certain …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A membrane, comprising: crosslinked graphene oxide sheets, wherein a thickness of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 0.2 microns and a weight percentage of graphene oxide in the membrane is greater than or equal to about 70 wt.%. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the crosslinked graphene oxide sheets are covalently crosslinked. Original
The membrane of claim 1, wherein an average d-spacing of the membrane is less than or equal to about 10 A when saturated with water. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less than or equal to about 1 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 microns. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a molecular weight cutoff of the membrane is greater than or equal to about 250 g/mol. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more oxidizing agents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more chlorinated solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane is compatible with one or more nonpolar solvents. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a maximum compatible pH of greater than or equal to about 9. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane has a minimum compatible pH of less than or equal to about 5. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 65 ° C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a maximum operating temperature of the membrane in water at pH 7 is greater than or equal to about 100 C and less than or equal to about 300 0 C. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, further comprising a chemical linkage that attaches a graphene oxide sheet to an adjacent graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and indicates attachment to the backbone of a g raphene oxide sheet. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein a difference between an average d-spacing of the membrane when saturated with water and an than or equal to about 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the membrane presented
The membrane of claim 1, wherein the Previously presented average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less between an average d-spacing of the average d-spacing of the membrane when dry is less is a free-standing membrane. Previously crosslinked graphene sheets are free-standing.
Canceled
4-5. Canceled
Canceled
A membrane, comprising: a first graphene oxide sheet; a second graphene oxide sheet; and a chemical linkage that attaches the first graphene oxide sheet to the second graphene oxide sheet, wherein the chemical linkage is of Formula I: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.48 1.06 Black and white wherein: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.46 4.98 Black and white each R 3 is independently a bond,-O-or -N(R')-; each R' is independently hydrogen, halide, hydroxyl, amine, or optionally substituted alkyl; n is 1; and SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 0.28 4.34 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein the chemical linkage is selected from: SVG 15593298.09-25-2020.KFICUNT₈RXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 1.8 5.13 Black and white Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 8 A. Previously presented
The membrane of claim 6, wherein a difference membrane when saturated with water and an than or eq u al to abo u t 1 A. Previously presented
7-8. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
16-17. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
24-33. Canceled
Canceled
35-58. Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
crosslinked graphene oxide membrane
chemically linked graphene oxide membrane (Formula I)
Materials described outside the worked examples.
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets
chemical linkage of Formula I
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 14. The highly crosslinked foam was formed by functionalizing GO sheets with acid chloride. Briefly, 20 mg of GO, 20 mL dimethylformamide, and 1 mL of …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
average d-spacing when saturated with water (claimed upper bound) | ≤ 10 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 11) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
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FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 62) | ≤ 8 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.05–30 µm | — |
Thickness | 200–800 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 Å | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 62) | ≤ 8 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.05–30 µm | — |
Thickness | 200–800 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 Å | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 62) | ≤ 8 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.05–30 µm | — |
Thickness | 200–800 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 Å | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 15 is X-ray diffraction spectra (left) of graphene oxide membranes having different degrees of crosslinking and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra …
FIG. 16 is an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of a dry crosslinked graphene oxide membrane and a crosslinked graphene oxide membrane that is …
FIG. 20. In addition, a baseline comparison to methylene blue rejection was conducted. The polymer RO membrane demonstrated a 50% reduction in rejection, from …
FIG. 21 is a scanning electron microscopy images of a graphene oxide membrane having defects, according to certain embodiments;
FIG. 22 is a graph of X-ray diffraction intensity versus plane spacing for crosslinked and non-crosslinked graphene oxide membranes under various conditions, …
FIG. 23. 10 Finally, to illustrate the pH tolerance of the membrane when the appropriate linkers are used, FIGs. 24 and 25 shows the conversion of an ester …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
FIG. 24, showed significant 15 shifts of much of the C i s signal intensity from binding energies corresponding to carbonyl structures to lower binding energies …
crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
difference in average d-spacing (wet minus dry)-claimed upper bound (claim 62) | ≤ 8 Angstrom | crosslinked graphene oxide sheets |
Duration | 10–20 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.05–30 µm | — |
Thickness | 200–800 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 Å | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 seconds | — |