Patent
US 10,549,997PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE SHEETS WITH TUNABLE FUNCTIONALITIES FROM SEAWEED PROMOTED BY DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS
Kamlesh Prasad
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1: Schematic depiction of production of functionalized graphene nanosheets from seaweed promoted by deep eutectic solvents
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of facile production of functionalized graphene sheets using seaweed biomass as precursor and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) acting as both catalyst and template, comprising the steps of; (i) crushing the seaweeds mechanically to yield a liquid and residue in granular form; (ii) separating the liquid part from the residual part; (iii) obtaining the residual part in the granular form from step (ii); (iv) treating the granules obtained in step (iii) with deep eutectic solvents followed by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere and high temperature which produces functionalized graphene sheets. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seaweed biomass used is selected from brown seaweeds SVG 15330852.09-03-2019.K06SXGCWLXEAPX1.CLM.1.svg 0.55 6.47 Black and white Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained liquid consist of plant micro and macro nutrients and plant growth regulators. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the granules obtained from Sargassum seaweed contains Na+ (1-1.5 wt%), K+ (0.5-1 wt%), Ca 2+ (1.5-2 wt%), Mg 2+ (1-1.5 wt%), Fe 2+/3+ (0-0.5 ppm), Zn 2 + (0.01-0.02 wt%), Cu 2 + (2-3 ppm), Mn 2 + (15-20 ppm), C (34-35 %), H (4-5 %), N (1.3-1.6 %) and S (0.5-1 Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the functionalized graphene either doped with Fe, Sn or Zn depending on the composition of the deep eutectic solvents used to prepare the composites of the seaweeds. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the used deep eutectic solvents are obtained by the complexation of choline chloride with Lewis acids. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein semi-solid composite can also be prepared by mixing seaweed granules with ChoC I -FeC l3 (1:2), ChoC I -ZnC I₂ (1:2) and ChoC I -SnC l 2 (1:2), respectively with 1:2 to 1:3 weight ratio of granule to deep eutectic solvent. Original
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preparation of functionalized graphene sheets involves pyrolysis in 95% N₂ and 5% H 2 atmosphere for different durations. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the semi- solid composites of Sargassum granule and ChoC I -FeCl 3 1: 2 is calcined at 700 ° C- 9 00 ° C to give heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets containing various elements + + 2 2 " 2 2 2 2. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably good porosity of 2.7-4.1 nm characteristic of mesoporous material suitable for electrical double layer capacitors (EDL C). Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have good electrical conductivity of 2384 mS-m- 1. 4 to 2400 mS -m- 1. 4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably high BET surface area of 120-225 m 2 g 1 4g4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene can remove 95-98% fluoride from drinking water e collected from village of Govind Garh, Rajasthan, India (26 0 45' N, 74 0 38' E). Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the separation of graphene sheets after the adsorption of fluoride on the sheets can be done by using ordinary magnets in the case of magnetised graphene sheets. Previously presented
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
functionalized graphene sheets
deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
seaweed biomass
Sargassum seaweed (brown seaweed)
Fe-doped graphene
Sn-doped graphene
Zn-doped graphene
choline chloride-FeCl₃ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-ZnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-SnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
green seaweed (Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca)
red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets
choline chloride
FeCl₃
ZnCl₂
SnCl₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Bet Surface Area | 120–225 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Electrical Conductivity | 2384–2400 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Pore Size | 2.7–4.1 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Fluoride Removal Efficiency | 95–98 | functionalized graphene sheets |
— | 10–11 w | — |
Thickness | 2.7–4.1 nm | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1: Schematic depiction of production of functionalized graphene nanosheets from seaweed promoted by deep eutectic solvents
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of facile production of functionalized graphene sheets using seaweed biomass as precursor and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) acting as both catalyst and template, comprising the steps of; (i) crushing the seaweeds mechanically to yield a liquid and residue in granular form; (ii) separating the liquid part from the residual part; (iii) obtaining the residual part in the granular form from step (ii); (iv) treating the granules obtained in step (iii) with deep eutectic solvents followed by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere and high temperature which produces functionalized graphene sheets. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seaweed biomass used is selected from brown seaweeds SVG 15330852.09-03-2019.K06SXGCWLXEAPX1.CLM.1.svg 0.55 6.47 Black and white Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained liquid consist of plant micro and macro nutrients and plant growth regulators. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the granules obtained from Sargassum seaweed contains Na+ (1-1.5 wt%), K+ (0.5-1 wt%), Ca 2+ (1.5-2 wt%), Mg 2+ (1-1.5 wt%), Fe 2+/3+ (0-0.5 ppm), Zn 2 + (0.01-0.02 wt%), Cu 2 + (2-3 ppm), Mn 2 + (15-20 ppm), C (34-35 %), H (4-5 %), N (1.3-1.6 %) and S (0.5-1 Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the functionalized graphene either doped with Fe, Sn or Zn depending on the composition of the deep eutectic solvents used to prepare the composites of the seaweeds. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the used deep eutectic solvents are obtained by the complexation of choline chloride with Lewis acids. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein semi-solid composite can also be prepared by mixing seaweed granules with ChoC I -FeC l3 (1:2), ChoC I -ZnC I₂ (1:2) and ChoC I -SnC l 2 (1:2), respectively with 1:2 to 1:3 weight ratio of granule to deep eutectic solvent. Original
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preparation of functionalized graphene sheets involves pyrolysis in 95% N₂ and 5% H 2 atmosphere for different durations. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the semi- solid composites of Sargassum granule and ChoC I -FeCl 3 1: 2 is calcined at 700 ° C- 9 00 ° C to give heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets containing various elements + + 2 2 " 2 2 2 2. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably good porosity of 2.7-4.1 nm characteristic of mesoporous material suitable for electrical double layer capacitors (EDL C). Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have good electrical conductivity of 2384 mS-m- 1. 4 to 2400 mS -m- 1. 4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably high BET surface area of 120-225 m 2 g 1 4g4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene can remove 95-98% fluoride from drinking water e collected from village of Govind Garh, Rajasthan, India (26 0 45' N, 74 0 38' E). Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the separation of graphene sheets after the adsorption of fluoride on the sheets can be done by using ordinary magnets in the case of magnetised graphene sheets. Previously presented
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
functionalized graphene sheets
deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
seaweed biomass
Sargassum seaweed (brown seaweed)
Fe-doped graphene
Sn-doped graphene
Zn-doped graphene
choline chloride-FeCl₃ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-ZnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-SnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
green seaweed (Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca)
red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets
choline chloride
FeCl₃
ZnCl₂
SnCl₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Bet Surface Area | 120–225 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Electrical Conductivity | 2384–2400 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Pore Size | 2.7–4.1 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Fluoride Removal Efficiency | 95–98 | functionalized graphene sheets |
— | 10–11 w | — |
Thickness | 2.7–4.1 nm | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1: Schematic depiction of production of functionalized graphene nanosheets from seaweed promoted by deep eutectic solvents
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of facile production of functionalized graphene sheets using seaweed biomass as precursor and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) acting as both catalyst and template, comprising the steps of; (i) crushing the seaweeds mechanically to yield a liquid and residue in granular form; (ii) separating the liquid part from the residual part; (iii) obtaining the residual part in the granular form from step (ii); (iv) treating the granules obtained in step (iii) with deep eutectic solvents followed by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere and high temperature which produces functionalized graphene sheets. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seaweed biomass used is selected from brown seaweeds SVG 15330852.09-03-2019.K06SXGCWLXEAPX1.CLM.1.svg 0.55 6.47 Black and white Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained liquid consist of plant micro and macro nutrients and plant growth regulators. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the granules obtained from Sargassum seaweed contains Na+ (1-1.5 wt%), K+ (0.5-1 wt%), Ca 2+ (1.5-2 wt%), Mg 2+ (1-1.5 wt%), Fe 2+/3+ (0-0.5 ppm), Zn 2 + (0.01-0.02 wt%), Cu 2 + (2-3 ppm), Mn 2 + (15-20 ppm), C (34-35 %), H (4-5 %), N (1.3-1.6 %) and S (0.5-1 Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the functionalized graphene either doped with Fe, Sn or Zn depending on the composition of the deep eutectic solvents used to prepare the composites of the seaweeds. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the used deep eutectic solvents are obtained by the complexation of choline chloride with Lewis acids. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein semi-solid composite can also be prepared by mixing seaweed granules with ChoC I -FeC l3 (1:2), ChoC I -ZnC I₂ (1:2) and ChoC I -SnC l 2 (1:2), respectively with 1:2 to 1:3 weight ratio of granule to deep eutectic solvent. Original
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preparation of functionalized graphene sheets involves pyrolysis in 95% N₂ and 5% H 2 atmosphere for different durations. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the semi- solid composites of Sargassum granule and ChoC I -FeCl 3 1: 2 is calcined at 700 ° C- 9 00 ° C to give heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets containing various elements + + 2 2 " 2 2 2 2. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably good porosity of 2.7-4.1 nm characteristic of mesoporous material suitable for electrical double layer capacitors (EDL C). Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have good electrical conductivity of 2384 mS-m- 1. 4 to 2400 mS -m- 1. 4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably high BET surface area of 120-225 m 2 g 1 4g4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene can remove 95-98% fluoride from drinking water e collected from village of Govind Garh, Rajasthan, India (26 0 45' N, 74 0 38' E). Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the separation of graphene sheets after the adsorption of fluoride on the sheets can be done by using ordinary magnets in the case of magnetised graphene sheets. Previously presented
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
functionalized graphene sheets
deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
seaweed biomass
Sargassum seaweed (brown seaweed)
Fe-doped graphene
Sn-doped graphene
Zn-doped graphene
choline chloride-FeCl₃ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-ZnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-SnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
green seaweed (Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca)
red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets
choline chloride
FeCl₃
ZnCl₂
SnCl₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Bet Surface Area | 120–225 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Electrical Conductivity | 2384–2400 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Pore Size | 2.7–4.1 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Fluoride Removal Efficiency | 95–98 | functionalized graphene sheets |
— | 10–11 w | — |
Thickness | 2.7–4.1 nm | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1: Schematic depiction of production of functionalized graphene nanosheets from seaweed promoted by deep eutectic solvents
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of facile production of functionalized graphene sheets using seaweed biomass as precursor and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) acting as both catalyst and template, comprising the steps of; (i) crushing the seaweeds mechanically to yield a liquid and residue in granular form; (ii) separating the liquid part from the residual part; (iii) obtaining the residual part in the granular form from step (ii); (iv) treating the granules obtained in step (iii) with deep eutectic solvents followed by pyrolysis under inert atmosphere and high temperature which produces functionalized graphene sheets. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the seaweed biomass used is selected from brown seaweeds SVG 15330852.09-03-2019.K06SXGCWLXEAPX1.CLM.1.svg 0.55 6.47 Black and white Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained liquid consist of plant micro and macro nutrients and plant growth regulators. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the granules obtained from Sargassum seaweed contains Na+ (1-1.5 wt%), K+ (0.5-1 wt%), Ca 2+ (1.5-2 wt%), Mg 2+ (1-1.5 wt%), Fe 2+/3+ (0-0.5 ppm), Zn 2 + (0.01-0.02 wt%), Cu 2 + (2-3 ppm), Mn 2 + (15-20 ppm), C (34-35 %), H (4-5 %), N (1.3-1.6 %) and S (0.5-1 Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the functionalized graphene either doped with Fe, Sn or Zn depending on the composition of the deep eutectic solvents used to prepare the composites of the seaweeds. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the used deep eutectic solvents are obtained by the complexation of choline chloride with Lewis acids. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein semi-solid composite can also be prepared by mixing seaweed granules with ChoC I -FeC l3 (1:2), ChoC I -ZnC I₂ (1:2) and ChoC I -SnC l 2 (1:2), respectively with 1:2 to 1:3 weight ratio of granule to deep eutectic solvent. Original
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the preparation of functionalized graphene sheets involves pyrolysis in 95% N₂ and 5% H 2 atmosphere for different durations. Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the semi- solid composites of Sargassum granule and ChoC I -FeCl 3 1: 2 is calcined at 700 ° C- 9 00 ° C to give heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets containing various elements + + 2 2 " 2 2 2 2. Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably good porosity of 2.7-4.1 nm characteristic of mesoporous material suitable for electrical double layer capacitors (EDL C). Original
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have good electrical conductivity of 2384 mS-m- 1. 4 to 2400 mS -m- 1. 4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene samples have reasonably high BET surface area of 120-225 m 2 g 1 4g4. Currently amended
(PRESENTLY AMENDED) The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the obtained functionalized graphene can remove 95-98% fluoride from drinking water e collected from village of Govind Garh, Rajasthan, India (26 0 45' N, 74 0 38' E). Currently amended
The process as claimed in claim 1 wherein the separation of graphene sheets after the adsorption of fluoride on the sheets can be done by using ordinary magnets in the case of magnetised graphene sheets. Previously presented
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
functionalized graphene sheets
deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
seaweed biomass
Sargassum seaweed (brown seaweed)
Fe-doped graphene
Sn-doped graphene
Zn-doped graphene
choline chloride-FeCl₃ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-ZnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride-SnCl₂ (1:2) deep eutectic solvent
green seaweed (Ulva faciata, Ulva lactuca)
red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
heteroatom doped magnetic graphene nanosheets
choline chloride
FeCl₃
ZnCl₂
SnCl₂
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 2: Powder XRD spectra of graphene composites synthesized by the calcinations of Sargassum or Kappaphy c us granules and D E S semi-solid mixtures. (a) SAR-ChoC I:FeCl 3, (b) SAR-ChoC I:ZnC l 2, (c) SAR-ChoC I:SnC l 2 and (d) KAP-ChoC I:FeC l 3
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Figure 3: (a-f) TEM images different graphene nanosheets having various functionalities and (g) Raman spectra of magnetic graphene nanosheets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [0058] The present invention provides a facile and scalable process for thesynthesis of graphene nanosheets with …
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Bet Surface Area | 120–225 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Electrical Conductivity | 2384–2400 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Pore Size | 2.7–4.1 | functionalized graphene sheets |
Fluoride Removal Efficiency | 95–98 | functionalized graphene sheets |
— | 10–11 w | — |
Thickness | 2.7–4.1 nm | — |
Duration | 30–60 minutes | — |