Patent
US 10,415,143PRODUCTION OF GRAPHENE AND GRAPHANE
Robert Angus William DRYFE, Ian Anthony KINLOCH, Amr M. ABDELKADER
THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER·12 February 2015·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 10,415,143Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for production in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte that is selected from: (i) an electrolyte comprising, a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, wherein the deep eutectic solvent is,,,,,, present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and (ii) an electrolyte comprising a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, the electrolyte further comprising one or more additional ionic species, wherein the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species are present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of different cations; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the electrochemical cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is free of organic solvent and water. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes a metal cation and an organic cation. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the deep eutectic solvent that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(i), or the amount of the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(ii),,, is greater than 99wt % based on the total weight of electrolyte. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a deep eutectic solvent comprising choline chloride and urea in a mole ratio of about 1:2. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises- one or more salts selected from metal cation-containing salts and organic cation-containing salts. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitic negative electrode comprises highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphene and/or graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 60 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 5at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface a metal-containing material, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of isolating the one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures, and graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 40 0 C Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 1 Oat% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 3 0at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles having a mean average diameter of less than 25nm, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrochemical cell for graphene/graphane production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
graphite nanoplatelet structures
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.5–3 V | — |
Voltage | 5–5 V |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,415,143Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for production in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte that is selected from: (i) an electrolyte comprising, a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, wherein the deep eutectic solvent is,,,,,, present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and (ii) an electrolyte comprising a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, the electrolyte further comprising one or more additional ionic species, wherein the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species are present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of different cations; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the electrochemical cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is free of organic solvent and water. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes a metal cation and an organic cation. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the deep eutectic solvent that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(i), or the amount of the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(ii),,, is greater than 99wt % based on the total weight of electrolyte. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a deep eutectic solvent comprising choline chloride and urea in a mole ratio of about 1:2. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises- one or more salts selected from metal cation-containing salts and organic cation-containing salts. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitic negative electrode comprises highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphene and/or graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 60 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 5at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface a metal-containing material, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of isolating the one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures, and graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 40 0 C Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 1 Oat% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 3 0at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles having a mean average diameter of less than 25nm, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrochemical cell for graphene/graphane production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
graphite nanoplatelet structures
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.5–3 V | — |
Voltage | 5–5 V |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,415,143Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for production in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte that is selected from: (i) an electrolyte comprising, a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, wherein the deep eutectic solvent is,,,,,, present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and (ii) an electrolyte comprising a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, the electrolyte further comprising one or more additional ionic species, wherein the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species are present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of different cations; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the electrochemical cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is free of organic solvent and water. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes a metal cation and an organic cation. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the deep eutectic solvent that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(i), or the amount of the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(ii),,, is greater than 99wt % based on the total weight of electrolyte. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a deep eutectic solvent comprising choline chloride and urea in a mole ratio of about 1:2. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises- one or more salts selected from metal cation-containing salts and organic cation-containing salts. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitic negative electrode comprises highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphene and/or graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 60 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 5at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface a metal-containing material, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of isolating the one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures, and graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 40 0 C Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 1 Oat% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 3 0at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles having a mean average diameter of less than 25nm, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrochemical cell for graphene/graphane production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
graphite nanoplatelet structures
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.5–3 V | — |
Voltage | 5–5 V |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,415,143Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method for production in an electrochemical cell of one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm, and graphane, wherein the electrochemical cell comprises: (a) a negative electrode which is graphitic; (b) a positive electrode which may be graphitic or another material; and (c) an electrolyte that is selected from: (i) an electrolyte comprising, a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, wherein the deep eutectic solvent is,,,,,, present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and (ii) an electrolyte comprising a deep eutectic solvent which comprises at least two constituent components, said deep eutectic solvent having a deep eutectic solvent melting point that is at least 10 0 C lower than a component melting point of one of said constituent components, the electrolyte further comprising one or more additional ionic species, wherein the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species are present in an amount that is greater than 90wt % based on total weight of the electrolyte; and wherein the electrolyte includes a mixture of different cations; and wherein the method comprises the step of passing a current through the electrochemical cell to intercalate ions into the graphitic negative electrode so as to exfoliate the graphitic negative electrode. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is free of organic solvent and water. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte includes a metal cation and an organic cation. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of the deep eutectic solvent that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(i), or the amount of the deep eutectic solvent and the additional ionic species that is present in the electrolyte of (c)(ii),,, is greater than 99wt % based on the total weight of electrolyte. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte is a deep eutectic solvent comprising choline chloride and urea in a mole ratio of about 1:2. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises- one or more salts selected from metal cation-containing salts and organic cation-containing salts. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitic negative electrode comprises highly ordered pyrolytic graphite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphene and/or graphite nanoplatelet structures having a thickness of less than 100 nm. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method for the production in an electrochemical cell of graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 60 0 C. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 5at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface a metal-containing material, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of isolating the one or more of graphene, graphite nanoplatelet structures, and graphane. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein temperature of the electrochemical cell does not exceed 40 0 C Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 1 Oat% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the method includes the step of functionalising the graphene or graphite nanoplatelet structures such that material produced from the method contains one or more functionalised regions such that the material contains more than 3 0at% total non-carbon elements based on total number of atoms in the material. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein a material comprising a surface is produced from the method and wherein the material contains on at least some of its surface metal-containing nanoparticles having a mean average diameter of less than 25nm, wherein the metal is selected from Fe and Sn. Previously presented
Canceled
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
electrochemical cell for graphene/graphane production
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene
graphite nanoplatelet structures
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 1;
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Voltage | 0.5–3 V | — |
Voltage | 5–5 V |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
graphane
deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride
urea
CH₄N₂O
highly ordered pyrolytic graphite
metal-containing nanoparticles (Fe or Sn)
graphite
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
| — |
Voltage | 20 -2.5 V. | — |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Voltage | 30–30 V | — |
Duration | 10–3600 s | — |
Duration | 10–1800 s | — |
Duration | 10–1200 s | — |
Duration | 10–900 s | — |
Duration | 10–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 30–180 s | — |
Voltage | 20–30 V | — |
Voltage | 20–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–12 V | — |
Voltage | 1–10 V | — |
Voltage | 2–8 V | — |
Voltage | 2–5 V | — |
Voltage | 3–5 V | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 15 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 pa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 pa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 120 minutes | — |
graphane
deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride
urea
CH₄N₂O
highly ordered pyrolytic graphite
metal-containing nanoparticles (Fe or Sn)
graphite
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
| — |
Voltage | 20 -2.5 V. | — |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Voltage | 30–30 V | — |
Duration | 10–3600 s | — |
Duration | 10–1800 s | — |
Duration | 10–1200 s | — |
Duration | 10–900 s | — |
Duration | 10–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 30–180 s | — |
Voltage | 20–30 V | — |
Voltage | 20–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–12 V | — |
Voltage | 1–10 V | — |
Voltage | 2–8 V | — |
Voltage | 2–5 V | — |
Voltage | 3–5 V | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 15 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 pa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 pa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 120 minutes | — |
graphane
deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride
urea
CH₄N₂O
highly ordered pyrolytic graphite
metal-containing nanoparticles (Fe or Sn)
graphite
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
| — |
Voltage | 20 -2.5 V. | — |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Voltage | 30–30 V | — |
Duration | 10–3600 s | — |
Duration | 10–1800 s | — |
Duration | 10–1200 s | — |
Duration | 10–900 s | — |
Duration | 10–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 30–180 s | — |
Voltage | 20–30 V | — |
Voltage | 20–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–12 V | — |
Voltage | 1–10 V | — |
Voltage | 2–8 V | — |
Voltage | 2–5 V | — |
Voltage | 3–5 V | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 15 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 pa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 pa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 120 minutes | — |
graphane
deep eutectic solvent
choline chloride
urea
CH₄N₂O
highly ordered pyrolytic graphite
metal-containing nanoparticles (Fe or Sn)
graphite
Figure 2 shows a typical Raman spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 3 shows a typical FTIR spectrum of the powder produced in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a band gap analysis of the powder produced in Example 2 25
Figure 5 shows an XRD Pattern of the powder produced in Example 3 (lower trace) compared with the original graphite (upper trace);
Figure 6 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder produced in Example 3
Figure 7 shows an SEM image of powder produced in Example 3
Figure 8 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in 30 Example
Figure 9 shows a typical Raman spectrum for the powder collected on the cathode in Example 5
Figure 10 shows a TEM image of iron nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 7 35
Figure 11 shows a TEM image of Sn nanoparticles on the graphene surface from the powder collected in Example 8 32 WO 2015/019093 PCT/GB₂₀₁₄/05
Figure 12A shows a TEM image of Sn-containing species from the pwoder collected in Example 9; and
Figure 12B shows an enlarged TEM image of Sn-containing species from powder collected in Example 9 The present invention is described in more detail by way of example only with reference to the following Examples.
| — |
Voltage | 20 -2.5 V. | — |
Thickness | 10–500 nm | — |
Voltage | 30–30 V | — |
Duration | 10–3600 s | — |
Duration | 10–1800 s | — |
Duration | 10–1200 s | — |
Duration | 10–900 s | — |
Duration | 10–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–600 s | — |
Duration | 30–300 s | — |
Duration | 30–180 s | — |
Voltage | 20–30 V | — |
Voltage | 20–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–20 V | — |
Voltage | 15–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–15 V | — |
Voltage | 12–12 V | — |
Voltage | 1–10 V | — |
Voltage | 2–8 V | — |
Voltage | 2–5 V | — |
Voltage | 3–5 V | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 25 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 15 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 mm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 1 µm | — |
Pressure | ≥ 10 pa | — |
Pressure | ≥ 20 pa | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 µm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 cm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 mm | — |
Duration | ≥ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 20 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 120 minutes | — |