Patent
US 8,663,591METHOD OF PREPARING GRAPHENE SHELL AND GRAPHENE SHELL PREPARED USING THE METHOD
Seon-mi YOON
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
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US 8,663,591Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a method of preparing a graphene shell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating three-dimensional shapes of graphene sheets prepared using three-dimensional catalyst metal particles;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere; and wherein the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof; and wherein the graphene shell has the same shape as the metal catalyst.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a polar or non- polar organic solvent having a boiling point of about 60 C to about 400 C.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises an alcohol based organic solvent, an ether based organic solvent, a ketone based organic solvent, an ester based organic solvent, an acid based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is an alcohol based organic solvent or an ether based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
YPL-0558 Page 3 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst has a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, or a polyhedral shape.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 100 C to about 400 ' C for about 10 minutes to about 24 hours.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed while agitating the mixture.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 400 ' C to about 1000 ' C for about several seconds to about 10 hours.
The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
.
25.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon YPL-0558 Page 4 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere without the presence of an external vapor carbon source; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, consisting o f: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
The method of claim 28, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
The method of claim 28, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitization metal catalyst
organic solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electron mobility of graphene sheets (background, prior art range) | 20000–50000 cm2/Vs | graphene shell |
Duration | 600–86400 s |
Table 1
Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4
ate a relationship between the carbon content and carburization 15 process time, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
p. 11
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US 8,663,591Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a method of preparing a graphene shell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating three-dimensional shapes of graphene sheets prepared using three-dimensional catalyst metal particles;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere; and wherein the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof; and wherein the graphene shell has the same shape as the metal catalyst.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a polar or non- polar organic solvent having a boiling point of about 60 C to about 400 C.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises an alcohol based organic solvent, an ether based organic solvent, a ketone based organic solvent, an ester based organic solvent, an acid based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is an alcohol based organic solvent or an ether based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
YPL-0558 Page 3 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst has a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, or a polyhedral shape.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 100 C to about 400 ' C for about 10 minutes to about 24 hours.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed while agitating the mixture.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 400 ' C to about 1000 ' C for about several seconds to about 10 hours.
The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
.
25.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon YPL-0558 Page 4 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere without the presence of an external vapor carbon source; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, consisting o f: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
The method of claim 28, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
The method of claim 28, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitization metal catalyst
organic solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electron mobility of graphene sheets (background, prior art range) | 20000–50000 cm2/Vs | graphene shell |
Duration | 600–86400 s |
Table 1
Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4
ate a relationship between the carbon content and carburization 15 process time, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
p. 11
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Patent
Atlas literature
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US 8,663,591Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a method of preparing a graphene shell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating three-dimensional shapes of graphene sheets prepared using three-dimensional catalyst metal particles;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere; and wherein the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof; and wherein the graphene shell has the same shape as the metal catalyst.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a polar or non- polar organic solvent having a boiling point of about 60 C to about 400 C.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises an alcohol based organic solvent, an ether based organic solvent, a ketone based organic solvent, an ester based organic solvent, an acid based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is an alcohol based organic solvent or an ether based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
YPL-0558 Page 3 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst has a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, or a polyhedral shape.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 100 C to about 400 ' C for about 10 minutes to about 24 hours.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed while agitating the mixture.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 400 ' C to about 1000 ' C for about several seconds to about 10 hours.
The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
.
25.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon YPL-0558 Page 4 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere without the presence of an external vapor carbon source; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, consisting o f: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
The method of claim 28, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
The method of claim 28, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitization metal catalyst
organic solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electron mobility of graphene sheets (background, prior art range) | 20000–50000 cm2/Vs | graphene shell |
Duration | 600–86400 s |
Table 1
Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4
ate a relationship between the carbon content and carburization 15 process time, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
p. 11
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 8,663,591Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a method of preparing a graphene shell;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating three-dimensional shapes of graphene sheets prepared using three-dimensional catalyst metal particles;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere; and wherein the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof; and wherein the graphene shell has the same shape as the metal catalyst.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a polar or non- polar organic solvent having a boiling point of about 60 C to about 400 C.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent comprises an alcohol based organic solvent, an ether based organic solvent, a ketone based organic solvent, an ester based organic solvent, an acid based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is an alcohol based organic solvent or an ether based organic solvent, or a mixture thereof.
The method of claim 1, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
YPL-0558 Page 3 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst has a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, or a polyhedral shape.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 100 C to about 400 ' C for about 10 minutes to about 24 hours.
The method of claim 1, wherein the first heat treatment process is performed while agitating the mixture.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second heat treatment process is performed in a temperature range of about 400 ' C to about 1000 ' C for about several seconds to about 10 hours.
The method of claim 1, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
.
25.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, comprising: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon YPL-0558 Page 4 of 15. SI-31757-US Application No. 12/131,703 Response dated: Reply to Office Action of: decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert or reductive gas atmosphere without the presence of an external vapor carbon source; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt,Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Si, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
A method of preparing a graphene shell, consisting o f: performing a first heat treatment on a mixture of an organic solvent and a graphitization metal catalyst so as to carburize the graphitization metal catalyst with carbon decomposed from the organic solvent, the graphitization metal catalyst being in the form of particles; and forming graphene shells on surfaces of the carburized graphitization metal catalyst by performing a second heat treatment process on the carburized graphitization metal catalyst in an inert gas atmosphere; the graphitization metal catalyst comprises at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Mo, Rh, Ta, Ti, W, U, V, Zr, and an alloy thereof.
The method of claim 28, wherein a base is added to the organic solvent.
The method of claim 28, wherein the graphitization metal catalyst is formed from a catalyst precursor in the organic solvent before or simultaneously with the first heat treatment process.
The method of claim 28, further comprising performing an acid treatment process to remove the graphitization metal catalyst from the graphene shells.
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphitization metal catalyst
organic solvent
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of graphene shells of Example 1; 10
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
electron mobility of graphene sheets (background, prior art range) | 20000–50000 cm2/Vs | graphene shell |
Duration | 600–86400 s |
Table 1
Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4
ate a relationship between the carbon content and carburization 15 process time, and the results are shown in Table 1 below.
p. 11
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graphene shell
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
| — |
Temperature | 1000–3000 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–10 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
graphene shell
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
| — |
Temperature | 1000–3000 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–10 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
graphene shell
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
| — |
Temperature | 1000–3000 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–10 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
graphene shell
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of graphene shells on nickel particles of Example 2;
FIG. 5 is a Raman spectra of the graphene shells of Examples 1 and 2;
FIGS. 6 through 9 are TEM images of graphene shells of Examples 3 through 6; and
FIGS. 7A and 7B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 3 obtained by performing the carburization process 20 for about 4 hours.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show TEM images of the graphene shells of Example 5 obtained by performing the carburization process for about 6 hours.
FIG. 9 shows TEM image of the graphene shell of Example 6. [Table 1] Example No. Carbon concentration (weight %) Example 3 2.709944 Example 4 3.305675 Example …
FIG. 10 is a Raman spectrum of graphene shells of Example 6.
| — |
Temperature | 1000–3000 °C | — |
Thickness | 0.1–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–10 nm | — |
Duration | ≤ 10 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 24 hours | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |