Patent
US 10,266,784LUBRICATING OIL FOR AUTOMOTIVE AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, COMPRISING DECORATED GRAPHENE
Edgar David RAMON RAYGOZA
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A combustion engine lubricating oil comprising: a) structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and combinations thereof, and b) a lubricating oil, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are dispersed in the lubricating oil and the lubricating oil is optionally mineral or synthetic lubricating oil; wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are unilaminar, multilaminar or a combination of unilaminar and multilaminar, and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is about 0.5% to about 3.0% weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, wherein the density of the chemically bonded nanoparticles is about 30 to about 300 nanoparticles per structurally modified graphite nanoflake; wherein the ceramic nanoparticles (i) are spherical nanoparticles having a diameter of about 50 nm to about 100 nm and (ii) comprise aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, copper oxide, zin c oxide, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; wherein the metallic nanoparticles are spherical nanoparticles and comprise copper, silver, gold, aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, tin or combinations thereof; and wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are optionally polyaniline nanotubes (x) having a morphology selected from the group consisting of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine and pernigraniline morphology, and (y) having a width of about 40 nm to about 50 nm and a length of about 150 nm to about 200 nm. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is mineral oil selected from the group consisting of naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 43% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes, and wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 45% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper decreases to 64% with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper is up to 48% compared to the lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 65 % with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 27 % with respect to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein at a temperature of about 25 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 385 % higher than the lubricant oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 84 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes; and wherein at temperature of about 43 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 414 % higher than the lubricating oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 21 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic particles has a rheopectic rheological behavior that increases proportionally to the increase in temperature, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is in a concentration range higher than 2 % and up to 3 % weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating mineral oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes comprises mineral oil and nanoadditives. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral oil lubricant added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles shows a Previously Presentedtonian behavior when the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are added up to 2 % weight/weight. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for automotive applications or for combustion engines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for industrial applications such as industrial gear boxes, compressors and turbines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of poly-alpha- olefin, polyisobutylene, esters, and silicone based synthetic oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles is 0.5 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil; and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to polyaniline nanotubes is 2 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil. Previously presented
- 5. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)
metallic nanoparticles
ceramic nanoparticles
polymeric nanoparticles
aluminum oxide nanoparticles
Al₂O₃
aluminum nitride nanoparticles
AlN
titanium oxide nanoparticles
TiO₂
copper nanoparticles
Cu
silver nanoparticles
Ag
gold nanoparticles
Au
aluminum nanoparticles
Al
titanium nanoparticles
Ti
chromium nanoparticles
Cr
iron nanoparticles
Fe
cobalt nanoparticles
Co
tin nanoparticles
Sn
polyaniline nanotubes
lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic)
naphthenic mineral oil
paraffinic mineral oil
aromatic mineral oil
mineral oil
poly-alpha-olefin synthetic oil
polyisobutylene synthetic oil
ester-based synthetic oil
silicone-based synthetic oil
copper oxide nanoparticles
CuO
zinc oxide nanoparticles
ZnO
silicon oxide nanoparticles
SiO₂
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper, 0.5 or 2 wt%) | 43 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 45 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear decrease vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 64 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 48 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 65 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 27 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricant oil at 25±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 385 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 25±2°C | 84 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil at 43±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 414 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 43±2°C | 21 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 40–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 150–200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
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Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A combustion engine lubricating oil comprising: a) structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and combinations thereof, and b) a lubricating oil, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are dispersed in the lubricating oil and the lubricating oil is optionally mineral or synthetic lubricating oil; wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are unilaminar, multilaminar or a combination of unilaminar and multilaminar, and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is about 0.5% to about 3.0% weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, wherein the density of the chemically bonded nanoparticles is about 30 to about 300 nanoparticles per structurally modified graphite nanoflake; wherein the ceramic nanoparticles (i) are spherical nanoparticles having a diameter of about 50 nm to about 100 nm and (ii) comprise aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, copper oxide, zin c oxide, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; wherein the metallic nanoparticles are spherical nanoparticles and comprise copper, silver, gold, aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, tin or combinations thereof; and wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are optionally polyaniline nanotubes (x) having a morphology selected from the group consisting of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine and pernigraniline morphology, and (y) having a width of about 40 nm to about 50 nm and a length of about 150 nm to about 200 nm. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is mineral oil selected from the group consisting of naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 43% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes, and wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 45% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper decreases to 64% with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper is up to 48% compared to the lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 65 % with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 27 % with respect to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein at a temperature of about 25 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 385 % higher than the lubricant oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 84 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes; and wherein at temperature of about 43 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 414 % higher than the lubricating oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 21 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic particles has a rheopectic rheological behavior that increases proportionally to the increase in temperature, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is in a concentration range higher than 2 % and up to 3 % weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating mineral oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes comprises mineral oil and nanoadditives. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral oil lubricant added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles shows a Previously Presentedtonian behavior when the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are added up to 2 % weight/weight. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for automotive applications or for combustion engines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for industrial applications such as industrial gear boxes, compressors and turbines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of poly-alpha- olefin, polyisobutylene, esters, and silicone based synthetic oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles is 0.5 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil; and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to polyaniline nanotubes is 2 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil. Previously presented
- 5. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)
metallic nanoparticles
ceramic nanoparticles
polymeric nanoparticles
aluminum oxide nanoparticles
Al₂O₃
aluminum nitride nanoparticles
AlN
titanium oxide nanoparticles
TiO₂
copper nanoparticles
Cu
silver nanoparticles
Ag
gold nanoparticles
Au
aluminum nanoparticles
Al
titanium nanoparticles
Ti
chromium nanoparticles
Cr
iron nanoparticles
Fe
cobalt nanoparticles
Co
tin nanoparticles
Sn
polyaniline nanotubes
lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic)
naphthenic mineral oil
paraffinic mineral oil
aromatic mineral oil
mineral oil
poly-alpha-olefin synthetic oil
polyisobutylene synthetic oil
ester-based synthetic oil
silicone-based synthetic oil
copper oxide nanoparticles
CuO
zinc oxide nanoparticles
ZnO
silicon oxide nanoparticles
SiO₂
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper, 0.5 or 2 wt%) | 43 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 45 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear decrease vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 64 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 48 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 65 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 27 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricant oil at 25±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 385 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 25±2°C | 84 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil at 43±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 414 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 43±2°C | 21 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 40–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 150–200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
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Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A combustion engine lubricating oil comprising: a) structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and combinations thereof, and b) a lubricating oil, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are dispersed in the lubricating oil and the lubricating oil is optionally mineral or synthetic lubricating oil; wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are unilaminar, multilaminar or a combination of unilaminar and multilaminar, and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is about 0.5% to about 3.0% weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, wherein the density of the chemically bonded nanoparticles is about 30 to about 300 nanoparticles per structurally modified graphite nanoflake; wherein the ceramic nanoparticles (i) are spherical nanoparticles having a diameter of about 50 nm to about 100 nm and (ii) comprise aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, copper oxide, zin c oxide, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; wherein the metallic nanoparticles are spherical nanoparticles and comprise copper, silver, gold, aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, tin or combinations thereof; and wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are optionally polyaniline nanotubes (x) having a morphology selected from the group consisting of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine and pernigraniline morphology, and (y) having a width of about 40 nm to about 50 nm and a length of about 150 nm to about 200 nm. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is mineral oil selected from the group consisting of naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 43% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes, and wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 45% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper decreases to 64% with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper is up to 48% compared to the lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 65 % with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 27 % with respect to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein at a temperature of about 25 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 385 % higher than the lubricant oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 84 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes; and wherein at temperature of about 43 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 414 % higher than the lubricating oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 21 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic particles has a rheopectic rheological behavior that increases proportionally to the increase in temperature, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is in a concentration range higher than 2 % and up to 3 % weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating mineral oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes comprises mineral oil and nanoadditives. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral oil lubricant added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles shows a Previously Presentedtonian behavior when the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are added up to 2 % weight/weight. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for automotive applications or for combustion engines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for industrial applications such as industrial gear boxes, compressors and turbines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of poly-alpha- olefin, polyisobutylene, esters, and silicone based synthetic oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles is 0.5 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil; and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to polyaniline nanotubes is 2 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil. Previously presented
- 5. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)
metallic nanoparticles
ceramic nanoparticles
polymeric nanoparticles
aluminum oxide nanoparticles
Al₂O₃
aluminum nitride nanoparticles
AlN
titanium oxide nanoparticles
TiO₂
copper nanoparticles
Cu
silver nanoparticles
Ag
gold nanoparticles
Au
aluminum nanoparticles
Al
titanium nanoparticles
Ti
chromium nanoparticles
Cr
iron nanoparticles
Fe
cobalt nanoparticles
Co
tin nanoparticles
Sn
polyaniline nanotubes
lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic)
naphthenic mineral oil
paraffinic mineral oil
aromatic mineral oil
mineral oil
poly-alpha-olefin synthetic oil
polyisobutylene synthetic oil
ester-based synthetic oil
silicone-based synthetic oil
copper oxide nanoparticles
CuO
zinc oxide nanoparticles
ZnO
silicon oxide nanoparticles
SiO₂
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper, 0.5 or 2 wt%) | 43 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 45 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear decrease vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 64 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 48 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 65 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 27 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricant oil at 25±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 385 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 25±2°C | 84 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil at 43±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 414 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 43±2°C | 21 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 40–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 150–200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
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GATED ALGAN/GAN SCHOTTKY DEVICE
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Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A combustion engine lubricating oil comprising: a) structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to nanoparticles selected from the group consisting of metallic nanoparticles, ceramic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles and combinations thereof, and b) a lubricating oil, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are dispersed in the lubricating oil and the lubricating oil is optionally mineral or synthetic lubricating oil; wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are unilaminar, multilaminar or a combination of unilaminar and multilaminar, and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is about 0.5% to about 3.0% weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, wherein the density of the chemically bonded nanoparticles is about 30 to about 300 nanoparticles per structurally modified graphite nanoflake; wherein the ceramic nanoparticles (i) are spherical nanoparticles having a diameter of about 50 nm to about 100 nm and (ii) comprise aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide, copper oxide, zin c oxide, silicon oxide or combinations thereof; wherein the metallic nanoparticles are spherical nanoparticles and comprise copper, silver, gold, aluminum, titanium, chromium, iron, cobalt, tin or combinations thereof; and wherein the polymeric nanoparticles are optionally polyaniline nanotubes (x) having a morphology selected from the group consisting of leucoemeraldine, emeraldine and pernigraniline morphology, and (y) having a width of about 40 nm to about 50 nm and a length of about 150 nm to about 200 nm. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is mineral oil selected from the group consisting of naphthenic, paraffinic and aromatic. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 43% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes, and wherein the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper has a reduction of 45% in the coefficient of friction compared to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper decreases to 64% with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the wear of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper is up to 48% compared to the lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 65 % with respect to the lubricating oil, and wherein the thermal conductivity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to copper increases by 27 % with respect to a lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein at a temperature of about 25 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 385 % higher than the lubricant oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 84 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes; and wherein at temperature of about 43 ±2 ° C the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 414 % higher than the lubricating oil, and wherein the viscosity of the lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is 21 % higher than the lubricating oil added without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral lubricating oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic particles has a rheopectic rheological behavior that increases proportionally to the increase in temperature, wherein the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes is in a concentration range higher than 2 % and up to 3 % weight/weight based on the total weight of the lubricating oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating mineral oil added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes comprises mineral oil and nanoadditives. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the mineral oil lubricant added with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles shows a Previously Presentedtonian behavior when the structurally modified graphite nanoflakes are added up to 2 % weight/weight. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for automotive applications or for combustion engines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the combustion engines lubricating oil is for industrial applications such as industrial gear boxes, compressors and turbines. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the lubricating oil is synthetic oil selected from the group consisting of poly-alpha- olefin, polyisobutylene, esters, and silicone based synthetic oil. Previously presented
The combustion engine lubricating oil according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to metallic nanoparticles is 0.5 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil; and the concentration of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes chemically bonded to polyaniline nanotubes is 2 % weight/weight of structurally modified graphite nanoflakes with the lubricating oil. Previously presented
- 5. Canceled
Canceled
- 23. Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)
metallic nanoparticles
ceramic nanoparticles
polymeric nanoparticles
aluminum oxide nanoparticles
Al₂O₃
aluminum nitride nanoparticles
AlN
titanium oxide nanoparticles
TiO₂
copper nanoparticles
Cu
silver nanoparticles
Ag
gold nanoparticles
Au
aluminum nanoparticles
Al
titanium nanoparticles
Ti
chromium nanoparticles
Cr
iron nanoparticles
Fe
cobalt nanoparticles
Co
tin nanoparticles
Sn
polyaniline nanotubes
lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic)
naphthenic mineral oil
paraffinic mineral oil
aromatic mineral oil
mineral oil
poly-alpha-olefin synthetic oil
polyisobutylene synthetic oil
ester-based synthetic oil
silicone-based synthetic oil
copper oxide nanoparticles
CuO
zinc oxide nanoparticles
ZnO
silicon oxide nanoparticles
SiO₂
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper, 0.5 or 2 wt%) | 43 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Friction coefficient reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 45 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear decrease vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 64 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Wear reduction vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 48 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil (graphene decorated with copper) | 65 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thermal conductivity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (graphene decorated with copper) | 27 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)Culubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricant oil at 25±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 385 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 25±2°C | 84 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil at 43±2°C (with structurally modified graphite nanoflakes) | 414 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Viscosity increase vs lubricating oil without structurally modified graphite nanoflakes at 43±2°C | 21 % | structurally modified graphite nanoflakes (decorated graphene nanoflakes)lubricating oil (base fluid, mineral or synthetic) |
Thickness | 50–100 nm | — |
Thickness | 40–50 nm | — |
Thickness | 150–200 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 5 nm | — |
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