Patent
US 9,847,534METAL-ALLOY GRAPHENE NANOCOMPOSITES AND METHODS FOR THEIR PREPARATION AND USE
Ramaprabhu Sundara
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,847,534Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is an example flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite.
FIG. 2 illustrates materials and/or compositions used/formed at different 25 stages of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite. -3- WO 2013/160719 PCT/I …
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 illustrates X-ray diffractograms of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel 5 cell of
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
FIG. 14 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on the metal- alloy nanoparticles graphene nanocomposite used as an electrocatalyst in a fuel …
FIG. 15 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on commercially available platinum-carbon electrocatalyst.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; forming a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of the graphene substrate; pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and dispersing a plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the conducting polymer layer comprises: functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; and polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles [[are]]is dispersed on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate by a polyol reduction technique in presence of a reducing agent. Currently amended
The method of claim [[4]]3, wherein the alloying transition metal comprises cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or combinations thereof. Currently amended
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate; and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The method of claim 11, further comprising dispersing a plurality of metal- alloy nanoparticles on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 11, wherein the negatively charged polyelectrolyte comprises poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS), sodium polyacrylate, polyanetholesulfonic acid sodium salt, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile), poly(2- acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid) solution, poly (vinyl sulfate) potassium salt, poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution, 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt solution, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound comprises pyrrole, aniline, carbazole, indole, azepine, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
A metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen doped graphene substrate, wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is formed by coating a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
19. The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein an atomic percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is about 4% to about 8%. Previously presented
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanocomposite is configured as an electrocatalyst for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
An electrocatalyst, comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein an atomic ratio of platinum and cobalt in the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 3:1. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the weight of the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 30% of the total weight of the electrocatalyst. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein an average size of the platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 2.2 nanometers to about 2.8 nanometers. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a current density of the electrocatalyst measured at a potential of about 0.5 Volts (V) is about 1560 mA cm 2. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a power density of the electrocatalyst at a temperature of about [[60° C]]60 ° C is about 805 mW cm 2. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the electrocatalyst is configured as an electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
Canceled
An electrocatalyst formed by providing a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and dispersing a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein providing the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises forming a polypyrrole layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and subsequently pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer comprises heating the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate with the polypyrrole layer in presence of argon gas at a temperature of about 600 ° C to about 800 °C. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles by a microwave olyol redu ct ion technique using ethylene glycol, chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtC₁ 6) and cobalt nitrate (Co (N 0 3)2). Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite
proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrode
electrocatalyst with PtCo nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene substrate
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate | 4–8 at% | nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate (specific value) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 9,847,534Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is an example flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite.
FIG. 2 illustrates materials and/or compositions used/formed at different 25 stages of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite. -3- WO 2013/160719 PCT/I …
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 illustrates X-ray diffractograms of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel 5 cell of
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
FIG. 14 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on the metal- alloy nanoparticles graphene nanocomposite used as an electrocatalyst in a fuel …
FIG. 15 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on commercially available platinum-carbon electrocatalyst.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; forming a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of the graphene substrate; pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and dispersing a plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the conducting polymer layer comprises: functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; and polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles [[are]]is dispersed on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate by a polyol reduction technique in presence of a reducing agent. Currently amended
The method of claim [[4]]3, wherein the alloying transition metal comprises cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or combinations thereof. Currently amended
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate; and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The method of claim 11, further comprising dispersing a plurality of metal- alloy nanoparticles on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 11, wherein the negatively charged polyelectrolyte comprises poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS), sodium polyacrylate, polyanetholesulfonic acid sodium salt, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile), poly(2- acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid) solution, poly (vinyl sulfate) potassium salt, poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution, 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt solution, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound comprises pyrrole, aniline, carbazole, indole, azepine, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
A metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen doped graphene substrate, wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is formed by coating a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
19. The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein an atomic percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is about 4% to about 8%. Previously presented
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanocomposite is configured as an electrocatalyst for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
An electrocatalyst, comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein an atomic ratio of platinum and cobalt in the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 3:1. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the weight of the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 30% of the total weight of the electrocatalyst. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein an average size of the platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 2.2 nanometers to about 2.8 nanometers. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a current density of the electrocatalyst measured at a potential of about 0.5 Volts (V) is about 1560 mA cm 2. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a power density of the electrocatalyst at a temperature of about [[60° C]]60 ° C is about 805 mW cm 2. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the electrocatalyst is configured as an electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
Canceled
An electrocatalyst formed by providing a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and dispersing a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein providing the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises forming a polypyrrole layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and subsequently pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer comprises heating the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate with the polypyrrole layer in presence of argon gas at a temperature of about 600 ° C to about 800 °C. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles by a microwave olyol redu ct ion technique using ethylene glycol, chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtC₁ 6) and cobalt nitrate (Co (N 0 3)2). Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite
proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrode
electrocatalyst with PtCo nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene substrate
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate | 4–8 at% | nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate (specific value) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,847,534Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is an example flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite.
FIG. 2 illustrates materials and/or compositions used/formed at different 25 stages of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite. -3- WO 2013/160719 PCT/I …
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 illustrates X-ray diffractograms of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel 5 cell of
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
FIG. 14 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on the metal- alloy nanoparticles graphene nanocomposite used as an electrocatalyst in a fuel …
FIG. 15 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on commercially available platinum-carbon electrocatalyst.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; forming a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of the graphene substrate; pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and dispersing a plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the conducting polymer layer comprises: functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; and polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles [[are]]is dispersed on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate by a polyol reduction technique in presence of a reducing agent. Currently amended
The method of claim [[4]]3, wherein the alloying transition metal comprises cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or combinations thereof. Currently amended
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate; and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The method of claim 11, further comprising dispersing a plurality of metal- alloy nanoparticles on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 11, wherein the negatively charged polyelectrolyte comprises poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS), sodium polyacrylate, polyanetholesulfonic acid sodium salt, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile), poly(2- acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid) solution, poly (vinyl sulfate) potassium salt, poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution, 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt solution, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound comprises pyrrole, aniline, carbazole, indole, azepine, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
A metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen doped graphene substrate, wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is formed by coating a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
19. The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein an atomic percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is about 4% to about 8%. Previously presented
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanocomposite is configured as an electrocatalyst for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
An electrocatalyst, comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein an atomic ratio of platinum and cobalt in the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 3:1. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the weight of the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 30% of the total weight of the electrocatalyst. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein an average size of the platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 2.2 nanometers to about 2.8 nanometers. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a current density of the electrocatalyst measured at a potential of about 0.5 Volts (V) is about 1560 mA cm 2. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a power density of the electrocatalyst at a temperature of about [[60° C]]60 ° C is about 805 mW cm 2. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the electrocatalyst is configured as an electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
Canceled
An electrocatalyst formed by providing a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and dispersing a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein providing the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises forming a polypyrrole layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and subsequently pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer comprises heating the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate with the polypyrrole layer in presence of argon gas at a temperature of about 600 ° C to about 800 °C. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles by a microwave olyol redu ct ion technique using ethylene glycol, chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtC₁ 6) and cobalt nitrate (Co (N 0 3)2). Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite
proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrode
electrocatalyst with PtCo nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene substrate
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate | 4–8 at% | nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate (specific value) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
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US 9,847,534Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 is an example flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite.
FIG. 2 illustrates materials and/or compositions used/formed at different 25 stages of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite. -3- WO 2013/160719 PCT/I …
FIG. 3.
FIG. 4 illustrates X-ray diffractograms of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel 5 cell of
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
FIG. 14 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on the metal- alloy nanoparticles graphene nanocomposite used as an electrocatalyst in a fuel …
FIG. 15 illustrates example results for stability tests performed on commercially available platinum-carbon electrocatalyst.
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; forming a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of the graphene substrate; pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and dispersing a plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Previously presented
The method of claim 1, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The method of claim 1, wherein forming the conducting polymer layer comprises: functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; and polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of metal-alloy nanoparticles [[are]]is dispersed on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate by a polyol reduction technique in presence of a reducing agent. Currently amended
The method of claim [[4]]3, wherein the alloying transition metal comprises cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or combinations thereof. Currently amended
A method of forming a metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite, the method comprising: providing a graphene substrate; functionalizing the graphene substrate with a negatively charged polyelectrolyte to form a functionalized graphene substrate; polymerizing the functionalized graphene substrate using a polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound to form a positively charged conducting polymer layer on the graphene substrate; and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The method of claim 11, further comprising dispersing a plurality of metal- alloy nanoparticles on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate to form the nanocomposite. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The method of claim 11, wherein the negatively charged polyelectrolyte comprises poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS), sodium polyacrylate, polyanetholesulfonic acid sodium salt, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid-co-acrylonitrile), poly(2- acrylamido-2-methyl- 1 -propanesulfonic acid) solution, poly (vinyl sulfate) potassium salt, poly(vinylsulfonic acid, sodium salt) solution, 4-styrenesulfonic acid sodium salt hydrate, poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt solution, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein the polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound comprises pyrrole, aniline, carbazole, indole, azepine, or combinations thereof. Original
The method of claim 11, wherein pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer comprises heating the graphene substrate with the polymer layer in presence of an inert gas to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Original
A metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen doped graphene substrate, wherein the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is formed by coating a conducting polymer layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and pyrolyzing the conducting polymer layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
19. The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the conducting polymer layer comprises polypyrrole (PPy), [[or]]polyaniline (PAN I), polycarbazole, polyindole, polyazepine, or combinations thereof. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein an atomic percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate is about 4% to about 8%. Previously presented
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the plurality of m etal-alloy nanoparticles comprises a combination of platinum (Pt) and an alloying transition metal. Currently amended
The metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite of claim 17, wherein the nanocomposite is configured as an electrocatalyst for use in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
An electrocatalyst, comprising: a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate; and a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a first major surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein an atomic ratio of platinum and cobalt in the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 3:1. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the weight of the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 30% of the total weight of the electrocatalyst. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein an average size of the platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles is about 2.2 nanometers to about 2.8 nanometers. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a current density of the electrocatalyst measured at a potential of about 0.5 Volts (V) is about 1560 mA cm 2. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein a power density of the electrocatalyst at a temperature of about [[60° C]]60 ° C is about 805 mW cm 2. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 26, wherein the electrocatalyst is configured as an electrode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Original
Canceled
An electrocatalyst formed by providing a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and dispersing a plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on a first surface of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate, wherein providing the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises forming a polypyrrole layer on a first major surface of a graphene substrate and subsequently pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer to form the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate. Previously presented
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein pyrolyzing the polypyrrole layer comprises heating the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate with the polypyrrole layer in presence of argon gas at a temperature of about 600 ° C to about 800 °C. Currently amended
The electrocatalyst of claim 33, wherein dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles on the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate comprises dispersing the plurality of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles by a microwave olyol redu ct ion technique using ethylene glycol, chloroplatinic acid (H 2 PtC₁ 6) and cobalt nitrate (Co (N 0 3)2). Currently amended
Canceled
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
metal-alloy graphene nanocomposite
proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) electrode
electrocatalyst with PtCo nanoparticles on nitrogen-doped graphene
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene substrate
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 5 is an example X-ray Raman spectra of components of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate | 4–8 at% | nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
atomic percentage of nitrogen in nitrogen-doped graphene substrate (specific value) |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
conducting polymer layer
platinum (Pt) and alloying transition metal nanoparticles
cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) transition metals
negatively charged polyelectrolyte
polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound
platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles
PtCo
polypyrrole (PPy)
ethylene glycol
C₂H₆O₂
chloroplatinic acid
H₂PtCl₆
cobalt nitrate
Co(NO₃)2
poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS)
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
average size of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles | 2.2–2.8 nm | PtCo |
current density at 0.5 V | 1560 mA cm⁻² | — |
power density at 60 °C | 805 mW cm⁻² | — |
weight percentage of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles in electrocatalyst | 30 wt% | PtCo |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
conducting polymer layer
platinum (Pt) and alloying transition metal nanoparticles
cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) transition metals
negatively charged polyelectrolyte
polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound
platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles
PtCo
polypyrrole (PPy)
ethylene glycol
C₂H₆O₂
chloroplatinic acid
H₂PtCl₆
cobalt nitrate
Co(NO₃)2
poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS)
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
average size of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles | 2.2–2.8 nm | PtCo |
current density at 0.5 V | 1560 mA cm⁻² | — |
power density at 60 °C | 805 mW cm⁻² | — |
weight percentage of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles in electrocatalyst | 30 wt% | PtCo |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
conducting polymer layer
platinum (Pt) and alloying transition metal nanoparticles
cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) transition metals
negatively charged polyelectrolyte
polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound
platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles
PtCo
polypyrrole (PPy)
ethylene glycol
C₂H₆O₂
chloroplatinic acid
H₂PtCl₆
cobalt nitrate
Co(NO₃)2
poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS)
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
average size of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles | 2.2–2.8 nm | PtCo |
current density at 0.5 V | 1560 mA cm⁻² | — |
power density at 60 °C | 805 mW cm⁻² | — |
weight percentage of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles in electrocatalyst | 30 wt% | PtCo |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |
conducting polymer layer
platinum (Pt) and alloying transition metal nanoparticles
cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni) transition metals
negatively charged polyelectrolyte
polymerizable heterocyclic aromatic compound
platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles
PtCo
polypyrrole (PPy)
ethylene glycol
C₂H₆O₂
chloroplatinic acid
H₂PtCl₆
cobalt nitrate
Co(NO₃)2
poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSSS)
FIG. 6 is an example X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the PSSS- functionalized graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of the PSSS-functionalized graphene substrate coated 15 with PPy of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 9 is a TEM image of the nitrogen-doped graphene substrate of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 10 is a TEM image of the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite of the electrocatalyst used in the fuel cell of
FIG. 11 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with platinum nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate and using …
FIG. 12 is an example polarization curve of a cathode electrocatalyst with the platinum-cobalt alloy graphene nanocomposite. 25
FIG. 13 is an example polarization curve of cathode electrocatalysts with platinum-iron alloy nanoparticles dispersed on a nitrogen-doped graphene substrate …
nitrogen-doped graphene substrate |
average size of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles | 2.2–2.8 nm | PtCo |
current density at 0.5 V | 1560 mA cm⁻² | — |
power density at 60 °C | 805 mW cm⁻² | — |
weight percentage of platinum-cobalt alloy nanoparticles in electrocatalyst | 30 wt% | PtCo |
Duration | 1–2 hours | — |
Temperature | 600–800 °C | — |