Patent
US 9,905,373Supercapacitor Having an Integral 3D Graphene-Carbon Hybrid Foam-Based Electrode
Aruna Zhamu
US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,905,373Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2(B) Schematic of the heat-induced conversion of polymer into carbon, which bonds graphene sheets together to form a 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. The …
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.5 Thermal conductivity values of 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam and pristine graphene foam (prepared by casting with a blowing agent and then heat …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 10 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 1, further comprising an anode current collector in contact with said anode, and/or a cathode current collector in contact with said cathode. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein both said anode and said cathode contain the integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said 3D graphene foam has a density from 0.005 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 to 3,200 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3, an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm, and a specific surface area from 300 m 2/g to 3,200 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length filament, wire, or sheet form having a thickness or diameter from 200 nm to 10 cm. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 0.8 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 800 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 1.0 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 500 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said anode active material or cathode active material further contains a redox pair partner material selected from a metal oxide, a conducting polymer, a non-conducting polymer, an organic material, an inorganic material, or a combination thereof, wherein said partner material is combined with said graphene sheets or carbon material in said hybrid foam to form redox pairs for pseudo-capacitance. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam is chemically or physically activated. Original
Canceled
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d oo 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 10 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 200 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 30 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 15 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 300 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 40 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 20 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 400 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 50 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 30 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 500 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 60 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
A supercapacitor electrode containing an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs in a supercapacitor, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to-graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode comprising the electrode of claim 23, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein said anode contains a pre-lithiated anode active material and said supercapacitor is a lithium-ion capacitor. Original
A process for producing the supercapacitor electrode of claim 23, said process comprising: (a) mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material and multiple particles of a solid polymer carrier material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus; (b) operating said energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from said graphitic material and transferring said graphene sheets to surfaces of said solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles inside said impacting chamber; (c) recovering said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles from said impacting chamber; (d) consolidating said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles into a sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure; and (e) pyrolyzing said sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure to thermally convert said polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds said graphene sheets to form a sheet or film of said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor
supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of few-layer graphene in hybrid foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
3D graphene foam density (claim 4) | 0.005–1.7 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,905,373Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2(B) Schematic of the heat-induced conversion of polymer into carbon, which bonds graphene sheets together to form a 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. The …
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.5 Thermal conductivity values of 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam and pristine graphene foam (prepared by casting with a blowing agent and then heat …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 10 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 1, further comprising an anode current collector in contact with said anode, and/or a cathode current collector in contact with said cathode. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein both said anode and said cathode contain the integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said 3D graphene foam has a density from 0.005 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 to 3,200 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3, an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm, and a specific surface area from 300 m 2/g to 3,200 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length filament, wire, or sheet form having a thickness or diameter from 200 nm to 10 cm. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 0.8 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 800 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 1.0 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 500 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said anode active material or cathode active material further contains a redox pair partner material selected from a metal oxide, a conducting polymer, a non-conducting polymer, an organic material, an inorganic material, or a combination thereof, wherein said partner material is combined with said graphene sheets or carbon material in said hybrid foam to form redox pairs for pseudo-capacitance. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam is chemically or physically activated. Original
Canceled
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d oo 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 10 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 200 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 30 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 15 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 300 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 40 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 20 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 400 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 50 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 30 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 500 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 60 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
A supercapacitor electrode containing an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs in a supercapacitor, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to-graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode comprising the electrode of claim 23, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein said anode contains a pre-lithiated anode active material and said supercapacitor is a lithium-ion capacitor. Original
A process for producing the supercapacitor electrode of claim 23, said process comprising: (a) mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material and multiple particles of a solid polymer carrier material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus; (b) operating said energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from said graphitic material and transferring said graphene sheets to surfaces of said solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles inside said impacting chamber; (c) recovering said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles from said impacting chamber; (d) consolidating said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles into a sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure; and (e) pyrolyzing said sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure to thermally convert said polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds said graphene sheets to form a sheet or film of said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor
supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of few-layer graphene in hybrid foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
3D graphene foam density (claim 4) | 0.005–1.7 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,905,373Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2(B) Schematic of the heat-induced conversion of polymer into carbon, which bonds graphene sheets together to form a 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. The …
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.5 Thermal conductivity values of 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam and pristine graphene foam (prepared by casting with a blowing agent and then heat …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 10 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 1, further comprising an anode current collector in contact with said anode, and/or a cathode current collector in contact with said cathode. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein both said anode and said cathode contain the integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said 3D graphene foam has a density from 0.005 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 to 3,200 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3, an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm, and a specific surface area from 300 m 2/g to 3,200 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length filament, wire, or sheet form having a thickness or diameter from 200 nm to 10 cm. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 0.8 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 800 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 1.0 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 500 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said anode active material or cathode active material further contains a redox pair partner material selected from a metal oxide, a conducting polymer, a non-conducting polymer, an organic material, an inorganic material, or a combination thereof, wherein said partner material is combined with said graphene sheets or carbon material in said hybrid foam to form redox pairs for pseudo-capacitance. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam is chemically or physically activated. Original
Canceled
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d oo 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 10 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 200 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 30 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 15 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 300 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 40 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 20 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 400 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 50 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 30 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 500 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 60 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
A supercapacitor electrode containing an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs in a supercapacitor, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to-graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode comprising the electrode of claim 23, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein said anode contains a pre-lithiated anode active material and said supercapacitor is a lithium-ion capacitor. Original
A process for producing the supercapacitor electrode of claim 23, said process comprising: (a) mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material and multiple particles of a solid polymer carrier material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus; (b) operating said energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from said graphitic material and transferring said graphene sheets to surfaces of said solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles inside said impacting chamber; (c) recovering said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles from said impacting chamber; (d) consolidating said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles into a sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure; and (e) pyrolyzing said sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure to thermally convert said polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds said graphene sheets to form a sheet or film of said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor
supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of few-layer graphene in hybrid foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
3D graphene foam density (claim 4) | 0.005–1.7 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 9,905,373Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG.1 A flow chart showing the most commonly used prior art process of producing highly oxidized NGPs that entails tedious chemical oxidation/intercalation, …
FIG.2(B) Schematic of the heat-induced conversion of polymer into carbon, which bonds graphene sheets together to form a 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. The …
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.5 Thermal conductivity values of 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam and pristine graphene foam (prepared by casting with a blowing agent and then heat …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
FIG. 10 The cell-level gravimetric energy densities plotted over the achievable active material proportion (active material weight/total cell weight) in a …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 1, further comprising an anode current collector in contact with said anode, and/or a cathode current collector in contact with said cathode. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein both said anode and said cathode contain the integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said 3D graphene foam has a density from 0.005 to 1.7 g/cm 3, a specific surface area from 50 to 3,200 m 2/g, a thermal conductivity of at least 200 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a pristine graphene and said 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam has a density from 0.1 to 1.7 g/cm 3, an average pore size from 2 nm to 50 nm, and a specific surface area from 300 m 2/g to 3,200 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, which is in a continuous-length filament, wire, or sheet form having a thickness or diameter from 200 nm to 10 cm. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 1 % by weight, and said pore walls have an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.35 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 250 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 2,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content less than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.34 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 300 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has an oxygen content or non- carbon content no greater than 0.01 % by weight and said pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 350 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 3,500 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has pore walls containing stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a thermal conductivity greater than 400 W/mK per unit of specific gravity, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 4,000 S/cm per unit of specific gravity. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein the pore walls contain stacked graphene planes having an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.337 nm and a mosaic spread value less than 1.0. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said pore walls contain a 3D network of interconnected graphene planes. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 0.8 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 800 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said foam has a physical density higher than 1.0 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area greater than 500 m 2/g. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said anode active material or cathode active material further contains a redox pair partner material selected from a metal oxide, a conducting polymer, a non-conducting polymer, an organic material, an inorganic material, or a combination thereof, wherein said partner material is combined with said graphene sheets or carbon material in said hybrid foam to form redox pairs for pseudo-capacitance. Original
The supercapacitor of claim 1, wherein said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam is chemically or physically activated. Original
Canceled
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein at least one of said anode and said cathode contains an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to- graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d oo 2 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain a pristine graphene material having essentially zero % of non-carbon elements, or a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001% to 25% by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 10 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 200 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 30 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 15 mg/cm 2, and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 300 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 40 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 20 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 400 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 50 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
The supercapacitor of claim 194, wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode active material loading greater than 30 mg/cm 2 and/or wherein said hybrid foam constitutes an electrode layer having a thickness no less than 500 p m, and/or said anode active material and said cathode active material combined exceeds 60 % by weight of said supercapacitor cell. Currently amended
A supercapacitor electrode containing an integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam as an electrode active material that forms electric double layers of charges or redox pairs in a supercapacitor, wherein said hybrid foam is composed of multiple pores and pore walls, wherein said pore walls contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets chemically bonded by a carbon material having a carbon material-to-graphene weight ratio from 1/200 to 1/2, wherein said few-layer graphene sheets have 2-10 layers of stacked graphene planes having an inter-plane spacing d 002 from 0.3354 nm to 0.40 nm as measured by X-ray diffraction and said single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets contain, a non-pristine graphene material having 0.001 % to 25 % by weight of non-carbon elements wherein said non-pristine graphene is selected from graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof, and said pore walls contain a non-pristine graphene material and wherein said foam contains a content of non-carbon elements in the range of 0.01% to 2 0% by weight and said non-carbon elements include an element selected from oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, hydrogen, or boron. Currently amended
A supercapacitor having an anode, a cathode comprising the electrode of claim 23, a porous separator electronically separating said anode and said cathode, and/or an electrolyte in ionic contact with said anode and said cathode, wherein said anode contains a pre-lithiated anode active material and said supercapacitor is a lithium-ion capacitor. Original
A process for producing the supercapacitor electrode of claim 23, said process comprising: (a) mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material and multiple particles of a solid polymer carrier material to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus; (b) operating said energy impacting apparatus with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from said graphitic material and transferring said graphene sheets to surfaces of said solid polymer carrier material particles to produce graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles inside said impacting chamber; (c) recovering said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles from said impacting chamber; (d) consolidating said graphene-coated or graphene-embedded polymer particles into a sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure; and (e) pyrolyzing said sheet or film of graphene-polymer composite structure to thermally convert said polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds said graphene sheets to form a sheet or film of said integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam. Original
Layer stacks claimed or described, ordered top of device to substrate.
supercapacitor
supercapacitor electrode
Materials described outside the worked examples.
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
non-pristine graphene
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG.3(B) An SEM image of an internal structure of another 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
inter-plane spacing d002 of few-layer graphene in hybrid foam pore walls | 0.3354–0.4 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
3D graphene foam density (claim 4) | 0.005–1.7 |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
carbon material (bonding carbon)
pristine graphene
redox pair partner material
metal oxide for pseudo-capacitance
graphitic material
solid polymer carrier material
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
specific surface area of 3D graphene foam (claim 4) | 50–3200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 2000 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.3345–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 minutes | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 10–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 200–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
carbon material (bonding carbon)
pristine graphene
redox pair partner material
metal oxide for pseudo-capacitance
graphitic material
solid polymer carrier material
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
specific surface area of 3D graphene foam (claim 4) | 50–3200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 2000 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.3345–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 minutes | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 10–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 200–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
carbon material (bonding carbon)
pristine graphene
redox pair partner material
metal oxide for pseudo-capacitance
graphitic material
solid polymer carrier material
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
specific surface area of 3D graphene foam (claim 4) | 50–3200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 2000 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.3345–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 minutes | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 10–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 200–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |
carbon material (bonding carbon)
pristine graphene
redox pair partner material
metal oxide for pseudo-capacitance
graphitic material
solid polymer carrier material
FIG.4(B) shows the thermal conductivity values of the presently invented hybrid foam and hydrothermally reduced GO graphene foam. Electrical conductivity …
FIG.6. These data further support the notion that, given the same amount of solid 15 material, the presently invented graphene-carbon foam is intrinsically …
FIG.7 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of symmetric supercapacitor (EDLC) cells containing isolated nitrogen-doped …
FIG.8 Ragone plots (gravimetric and volumetric power density vs. energy density) of lithium ion capacitor (LIC) cells containing pristine graphene sheets as …
FIG.9 The cell-level gravimetric and volumetric energy densities plotted over the achievable electrode thickness range of the RGO-based EDLC supercapacitors …
integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
specific surface area of 3D graphene foam (claim 4) | 50–3200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
thermal conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 200 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
electrical conductivity per unit specific gravity (claim 4) | ≥ 2000 | integral 3D graphene-carbon hybrid foam |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.36 nm | — |
Thickness | 0.3354–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 900–7200 s | — |
Thickness | 0.3345–0.4 nm | — |
Duration | 0.5–5 minutes | — |
Duration | 48–72 hours | — |
— | 250–500 W | — |
Duration | 10–120 minutes | — |
Duration | 2–48 hours | — |
Duration | 48–96 hours | — |
Duration | 10–100 minutes | — |
Duration | 1–5 hours | — |
Thickness | 2–50 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 2 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 20 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 1 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 5 nm | — |
Thickness | ≥ 10 nm | — |
— | ≥ 200 W | — |
Duration | ≥ 15 minutes | — |
Thickness | 200–100000000 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.35 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.34 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.336 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 0.337 nm | — |
— | ≥ 250 W | — |
— | ≥ 300 W | — |
— | ≥ 350 W | — |
— | ≥ 400 W | — |