Graphene Electro-Absorption Modulators for Energy-Efficient and High-Speed Optical Transceivers

M. Tiberi; A. Montanaro; C. Wen; J. Zhang; O. Balci; S. M. Shinde; S. Sharma; A. Meersha; H. Shekhar; J. E. Muench; B. R. Conran; K. B. K. Teo; M. Ebert; X. Yan; Y. Tran; M. Banakar; C. Littlejohns; G. T. Reed; M. Romagnoli; A. Ruocco; V. Sorianello; A. C. Ferrari

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2506.03281

Paper details

Research paper

Experimental Characterization

Graphene Electro-Absorption Modulators for Energy-Efficient and High-Speed Optical Transceivers

M. Tiberi, A. Montanaro, C. Wen, J. Zhang et al.

arXiv preprint·2025·10.48550/arxiv.2506.03281·arXiv:2506.03281

Samples

Each sample groups how it was prepared, characterized, and measured. Click a card to expand.

Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on SOI waveguide with 20 nm top oxide.

1 characterization8 properties1 figure

ExperimentalCStudied MaterialSiSubstrate / DielectricSiO₂Substrate / DielectricSi/SiO₂Substrate / Dielectric

Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on SOI waveguide with 40 nm top oxide.

1 characterization8 properties1 figure

ExperimentalCStudied MaterialSiSubstrate / DielectricSiO₂Substrate / DielectricSi/SiO₂Substrate / Dielectric

Materials

graphene

Studied Material

Also known as

single-layer grapheneSLGdouble single-layer grapheneDSLG

Variables

layer_form

Why these are connected

Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.

Graphene Electro-Absorption Modulators for Energy-Efficient and High-Speed Optical Transceivers | Matter42 Literature

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Source
Device Insertion Loss	IL	1dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	3dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.037fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	20 × 0.65µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	17GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	20Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Insertion Loss	IL	0.9dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	4dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1.2dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.01fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	40 × 0.55µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	67GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	>80Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Source
Device Insertion Loss	IL	1dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	3dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.037fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	20 × 0.65µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	17GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	20Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Insertion Loss	IL	0.9dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	4dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1.2dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.01fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	40 × 0.55µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	67GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	>80Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Source
Device Insertion Loss	IL	1dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	3dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.037fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	20 × 0.65µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	17GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	20Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Insertion Loss	IL	0.9dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	4dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1.2dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.01fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	40 × 0.55µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	67GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	>80Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—

Properties

Type	Label	Value	Material	Sample	Source
Device Insertion Loss	IL	1dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	3dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.037fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	20 × 0.65µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	17GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	20Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Insertion Loss	IL	0.9dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Extinction Ratio	ER	4dB	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Modulation Efficiency Normalized By Length	ER/LV	1.2dB/(V·µm)	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Dynamic Energy Per Bit	CVpp²/4	0.01fJ/bit	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Active Area	active area	40 × 0.55µm	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Electro Optic 3db Bandwidth	f3dB	67GHz	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Data Rate	NRZ rate	>80Gbit/s	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—
Device Band	operating band	C	C	Double single-layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on	—