Patent
US 10,577,247Title: HYBRID CHITOSAN
CHAN, Bee Eng Mary, LI, Peng
18 September 2014·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,577,247Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram depicting cationic GO-QC nanohybrid's disruption 5 on the anionic microbial envelope leading to cell death. [0025]
FIG. 4 is a synthesis schematic of quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium- chitosan). Condition (I): N-alkylation carried out using RC H O, in presence …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 12B is FESEM observation of E. co l i cells after 1 h contact with GO-QC 20 (1:5). As shown in the figure, the morphology of E. coli cells was changed. …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2) and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R), SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.49 3.98 Black and white k is an integer from 3 to 3000; wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -NH 2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein R and R 2 are selected from H and C p 1 alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C1im o alkyl. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R 1)(R 2) and X = -N +(R 3)(R 4)(R ') to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2: I to 5:1. Previously presented
The hybrid nano m aterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having general formula (II) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 1.87 5.53 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (C H 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH (CI 2 z)C-I; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to cationic quaternized chitosan in the hybrid nanomaterial is in the range of about 1: 2 to about 1:3. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Previously presented
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of preparing a hybrid nanomaterial omprising g raphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C 1. 18 alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -N H 2 t he method comprising reacting cationic quaternized chitosan of formula (I) with graphene oxide in the presence of a coupling reagent to covalently bond the cationic quate rn ized chitosan to the graphene oxide. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein R 1 and R 2 are selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C 1.io alkyl. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R i)(R 2) and X= -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5) to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2:1 to 5:1. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 2.14 5.51 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein the coupling reagent comprises 1-ethyl -3 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to the cationic quate rn ized chitosan is in the range of about 1: 1 to about 1: 10. Withdrawn
19-24. Canceled
Canceled
An antimicrobial composition comprising a liquid and a hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quate rn ized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.6.svg 0.95 1.95 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 0.46 6.53 Black and white Currently amended
The antimicrobial composition according to claim 25, wherein concentration of the hybrid nanomaterial ranges from about 20 g fimL 1 to about 3000 g fimL 1 of the composition. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide nanomaterial
cationic quaternized chitosan
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 100–2000 mM | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,577,247Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram depicting cationic GO-QC nanohybrid's disruption 5 on the anionic microbial envelope leading to cell death. [0025]
FIG. 4 is a synthesis schematic of quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium- chitosan). Condition (I): N-alkylation carried out using RC H O, in presence …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 12B is FESEM observation of E. co l i cells after 1 h contact with GO-QC 20 (1:5). As shown in the figure, the morphology of E. coli cells was changed. …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2) and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R), SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.49 3.98 Black and white k is an integer from 3 to 3000; wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -NH 2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein R and R 2 are selected from H and C p 1 alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C1im o alkyl. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R 1)(R 2) and X = -N +(R 3)(R 4)(R ') to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2: I to 5:1. Previously presented
The hybrid nano m aterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having general formula (II) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 1.87 5.53 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (C H 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH (CI 2 z)C-I; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to cationic quaternized chitosan in the hybrid nanomaterial is in the range of about 1: 2 to about 1:3. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Previously presented
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of preparing a hybrid nanomaterial omprising g raphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C 1. 18 alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -N H 2 t he method comprising reacting cationic quaternized chitosan of formula (I) with graphene oxide in the presence of a coupling reagent to covalently bond the cationic quate rn ized chitosan to the graphene oxide. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein R 1 and R 2 are selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C 1.io alkyl. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R i)(R 2) and X= -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5) to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2:1 to 5:1. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 2.14 5.51 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein the coupling reagent comprises 1-ethyl -3 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to the cationic quate rn ized chitosan is in the range of about 1: 1 to about 1: 10. Withdrawn
19-24. Canceled
Canceled
An antimicrobial composition comprising a liquid and a hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quate rn ized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.6.svg 0.95 1.95 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 0.46 6.53 Black and white Currently amended
The antimicrobial composition according to claim 25, wherein concentration of the hybrid nanomaterial ranges from about 20 g fimL 1 to about 3000 g fimL 1 of the composition. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide nanomaterial
cationic quaternized chitosan
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 100–2000 mM | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,577,247Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram depicting cationic GO-QC nanohybrid's disruption 5 on the anionic microbial envelope leading to cell death. [0025]
FIG. 4 is a synthesis schematic of quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium- chitosan). Condition (I): N-alkylation carried out using RC H O, in presence …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 12B is FESEM observation of E. co l i cells after 1 h contact with GO-QC 20 (1:5). As shown in the figure, the morphology of E. coli cells was changed. …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2) and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R), SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.49 3.98 Black and white k is an integer from 3 to 3000; wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -NH 2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein R and R 2 are selected from H and C p 1 alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C1im o alkyl. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R 1)(R 2) and X = -N +(R 3)(R 4)(R ') to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2: I to 5:1. Previously presented
The hybrid nano m aterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having general formula (II) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 1.87 5.53 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (C H 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH (CI 2 z)C-I; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to cationic quaternized chitosan in the hybrid nanomaterial is in the range of about 1: 2 to about 1:3. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Previously presented
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of preparing a hybrid nanomaterial omprising g raphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C 1. 18 alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -N H 2 t he method comprising reacting cationic quaternized chitosan of formula (I) with graphene oxide in the presence of a coupling reagent to covalently bond the cationic quate rn ized chitosan to the graphene oxide. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein R 1 and R 2 are selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C 1.io alkyl. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R i)(R 2) and X= -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5) to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2:1 to 5:1. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 2.14 5.51 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein the coupling reagent comprises 1-ethyl -3 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to the cationic quate rn ized chitosan is in the range of about 1: 1 to about 1: 10. Withdrawn
19-24. Canceled
Canceled
An antimicrobial composition comprising a liquid and a hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quate rn ized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.6.svg 0.95 1.95 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 0.46 6.53 Black and white Currently amended
The antimicrobial composition according to claim 25, wherein concentration of the hybrid nanomaterial ranges from about 20 g fimL 1 to about 3000 g fimL 1 of the composition. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide nanomaterial
cationic quaternized chitosan
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 100–2000 mM | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,577,247Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram depicting cationic GO-QC nanohybrid's disruption 5 on the anionic microbial envelope leading to cell death. [0025]
FIG. 4 is a synthesis schematic of quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium- chitosan). Condition (I): N-alkylation carried out using RC H O, in presence …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 12B is FESEM observation of E. co l i cells after 1 h contact with GO-QC 20 (1:5). As shown in the figure, the morphology of E. coli cells was changed. …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.1.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2) and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R), SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.2.svg 0.49 3.98 Black and white k is an integer from 3 to 3000; wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -NH 2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein R and R 2 are selected from H and C p 1 alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C1im o alkyl. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R 1)(R 2) and X = -N +(R 3)(R 4)(R ') to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2: I to 5:1. Previously presented
The hybrid nano m aterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having general formula (II) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.3.svg 1.87 5.53 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (C H 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH (CI 2 z)C-I; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to cationic quaternized chitosan in the hybrid nanomaterial is in the range of about 1: 2 to about 1:3. Previously presented
The hybrid nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Previously presented
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) A method of preparing a hybrid nanomaterial omprising g raphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quaternized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.4.svg 0.76 1.55 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R i)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C 1. 18 alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and wherein the graphene oxide nanomaterial is covalently conjugated to the cationic quaternized chitosan at an occurrence of X, wherein the occurrence of X is -N H 2 t he method comprising reacting cationic quaternized chitosan of formula (I) with graphene oxide in the presence of a coupling reagent to covalently bond the cationic quate rn ized chitosan to the graphene oxide. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein R 1 and R 2 are selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl; and R 3, R 4, and R 5 are each independently C 1.io alkyl. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the ratio of monomers with X = -N(R i)(R 2) and X= -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5) to monomers with X = -N H -C(O)-CH 3 is in the range of 2:1 to 5:1. Withdrawn
(Withdrawn-Currently Amended) The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan comprises dimethyldecylammonium chitosan having SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.5.svg 2.14 5.51 Black and white (II) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3 and -CH 3, wherein at least one occurrence of R is -CH 2 (CH 2) 8 CH 3; and ratio of m:n:p is 3:5:2. Currently amended
The method according to claim 9, wherein the coupling reagent comprises 1-ethyl -3 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the cationic quaternized chitosan is covalently bonded to the graphene oxide via an amide bond. Withdrawn
The method according to claim 9, wherein the weight ratio of graphene oxide to the cationic quate rn ized chitosan is in the range of about 1: 1 to about 1: 10. Withdrawn
19-24. Canceled
Canceled
An antimicrobial composition comprising a liquid and a hybrid nanomaterial comprising graphene oxide nanomaterial covalently conjugated to cationic quate rn ized chitosan, wherein the cationic quate rn ized chitosan prior to the conjugation is represented by formula (I) SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.6.svg 0.95 1.95 Black and white (I) wherein X, at each occurrence, is independently selected from -N H -C(O)-CH 3, -N(R)(R 2 and -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), provided that at least one X is -N + (R 3)(R 4)(R 5), R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from H and C l 8 1. alkyl, R 3, R 4 and R 5 are each independently C l 8 1. alkyl, and k is an integer from 3 to 3000; and SVG 14776600.07-25-2019.JYJB₂IRRRXEAPX3.CLM.7.svg 0.46 6.53 Black and white Currently amended
The antimicrobial composition according to claim 25, wherein concentration of the hybrid nanomaterial ranges from about 20 g fimL 1 to about 3000 g fimL 1 of the composition. Currently amended
Materials described outside the worked examples.
graphene oxide nanomaterial
cationic quaternized chitosan
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
FIG. 1 0 A is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 M g m l-) in the presence of potassium chloride (KC I) for I h. [0043]
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
Thickness | 100–2000 mM | — |
Thickness |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
dimethyldecylammonium chitosan
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide
antimicrobial composition
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
| 100–1500 mM |
| — |
Thickness | 100–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 100–500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 10–1500 mM | — |
Temperature | 165–215 °C | — |
Temperature | 210–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 0–150 mM | — |
Thickness | 0–5 mM | — |
Temperature | ≤ 1 °C | — |
GRAPHENE OXIDE-BASED POROUS 3D MESH
dimethyldecylammonium chitosan
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide
antimicrobial composition
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
| 100–1500 mM |
| — |
Thickness | 100–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 100–500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 10–1500 mM | — |
Temperature | 165–215 °C | — |
Temperature | 210–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 0–150 mM | — |
Thickness | 0–5 mM | — |
Temperature | ≤ 1 °C | — |
GRAPHENE OXIDE-BASED POROUS 3D MESH
dimethyldecylammonium chitosan
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide
antimicrobial composition
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
| 100–1500 mM |
| — |
Thickness | 100–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 100–500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 10–1500 mM | — |
Temperature | 165–215 °C | — |
Temperature | 210–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 0–150 mM | — |
Thickness | 0–5 mM | — |
Temperature | ≤ 1 °C | — |
GRAPHENE OXIDE-BASED POROUS 3D MESH
dimethyldecylammonium chitosan
1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide
antimicrobial composition
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 2E is a graph showing Log reduction and % Kill of E. coli, S. aureus, and C. albicans after contacting with GO and GO-QC coatings of GO; GO-QC (10:1); …
FIG. 5 is a graph showing gel permeation chromatography (GPC) spectrum of synthesized quate rn ized chitosan (dimethyldecylammonium-chitosan). Y-axis: …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 6D is a graph showing thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of (i) GO, 20 (ii) GO- QC (1:5) and (iii) QC at a heating rate of 10 * C per m in under …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 7C is a SEM image showing GO-QC (1:5). Scale bar in the figure denotes a length of 1 m. [0034] F I G. 7D is a graph showing size distribution of GO-QC …
FIG. 8F is a graph showing in vitro cytotoxicity study of smooth muscle cells cultured with 100 g m l- GO-QC (1:5), the 20 cell viability was determined by …
FIG. 9 is a graph showing time dependence of antimicrobial activity (killing 25 curve) investigated by varying the incubation time of E. co l i with GO, QC or …
FIG. 10 C is a graph showing antimicrobial activity of GO, QC and GO-QC (1:5) (100 g m l-') in the presence of magnesium chloride (MgC 1 2) for 1 h. 5 [0045]
FIG. 11 A shows FESEM images depicting morphology of E. co l i (i) untreated control, treated with (ii) QC, (iii) GO and (iv) GO-QC (1:5) at 100 p g m l"' for …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
FIG. 111 is a graph depicting adenosine triphosphate (ATP) leakage induced by 10 QC and GO-QC(1:5) as a function of time. [0047] FIG. I C is a graph showing …
| 100–1500 mM |
| — |
Thickness | 100–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 100–500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 500–1000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–2000 mM | — |
Thickness | 1000–1500 mM | — |
Thickness | 10–1500 mM | — |
Temperature | 165–215 °C | — |
Temperature | 210–250 °C | — |
Thickness | 0–150 mM | — |
Thickness | 0–5 mM | — |
Temperature | ≤ 1 °C | — |