Patent
US 10,899,624GRAPHENE PRODUCTION PROCESS
Michael Czajka, Robert Shanks, Helmut Hugel
RMIT UNIVERSITY·5 November 2015·US
Copyright © 2026 Matter42. All rights reserved.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,899,624Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing the oxide content for graphene prepared in accordance with the invention "GT-CO" with comparison graphene types in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
Figure 5 is a bar chart showing the maximum strain of SBS compositions with 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene prepared in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 6 is a bar chart howing the tangent modulus of SBS compositions at 2.5% strain containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups; contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of between 500 ° C to 1000 ° C during said contacting. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is contacted with a gas comprising 100% carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide in nitrogen. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated for a time period in the range of from about 0.1 seconds to 2 minutes. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated under reduced pressure. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein heating of the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide, whereby the expansion of the expandable graphite and the reduction of at least a portion of the oxygen containing groups by the carbon monoxide to form the reduced expanded graphite occurs in a single vessel. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the reduced graphene has a ratio of D peak to G band (D/G ratio) when determined by Raman spectroscopy of no more than about 0.6, when calculated as a ratio of peak intensities. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide is carried out for between 1 and 24 hours. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C during said contacting with
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out for between 6 and 12
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out at a temperature of 500 °
2-4. Canceled
Canceled
6-10. Canceled
Canceled
12-15. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite; heating the expanded graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is sonicated. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is dispersed in a solvent and exfoliated in the solvent. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
21-22. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups
expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G peak intensity ratio (Raman spectroscopy) | ≤ 0.6 dimensionless | single-layer reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite | ≤ 1 wt% |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,899,624Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing the oxide content for graphene prepared in accordance with the invention "GT-CO" with comparison graphene types in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
Figure 5 is a bar chart showing the maximum strain of SBS compositions with 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene prepared in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 6 is a bar chart howing the tangent modulus of SBS compositions at 2.5% strain containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups; contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of between 500 ° C to 1000 ° C during said contacting. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is contacted with a gas comprising 100% carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide in nitrogen. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated for a time period in the range of from about 0.1 seconds to 2 minutes. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated under reduced pressure. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein heating of the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide, whereby the expansion of the expandable graphite and the reduction of at least a portion of the oxygen containing groups by the carbon monoxide to form the reduced expanded graphite occurs in a single vessel. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the reduced graphene has a ratio of D peak to G band (D/G ratio) when determined by Raman spectroscopy of no more than about 0.6, when calculated as a ratio of peak intensities. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide is carried out for between 1 and 24 hours. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C during said contacting with
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out for between 6 and 12
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out at a temperature of 500 °
2-4. Canceled
Canceled
6-10. Canceled
Canceled
12-15. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite; heating the expanded graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is sonicated. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is dispersed in a solvent and exfoliated in the solvent. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
21-22. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups
expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G peak intensity ratio (Raman spectroscopy) | ≤ 0.6 dimensionless | single-layer reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite | ≤ 1 wt% |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,899,624Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing the oxide content for graphene prepared in accordance with the invention "GT-CO" with comparison graphene types in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
Figure 5 is a bar chart showing the maximum strain of SBS compositions with 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene prepared in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 6 is a bar chart howing the tangent modulus of SBS compositions at 2.5% strain containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups; contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of between 500 ° C to 1000 ° C during said contacting. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is contacted with a gas comprising 100% carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide in nitrogen. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated for a time period in the range of from about 0.1 seconds to 2 minutes. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated under reduced pressure. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein heating of the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide, whereby the expansion of the expandable graphite and the reduction of at least a portion of the oxygen containing groups by the carbon monoxide to form the reduced expanded graphite occurs in a single vessel. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the reduced graphene has a ratio of D peak to G band (D/G ratio) when determined by Raman spectroscopy of no more than about 0.6, when calculated as a ratio of peak intensities. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide is carried out for between 1 and 24 hours. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C during said contacting with
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out for between 6 and 12
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out at a temperature of 500 °
2-4. Canceled
Canceled
6-10. Canceled
Canceled
12-15. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite; heating the expanded graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is sonicated. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is dispersed in a solvent and exfoliated in the solvent. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
21-22. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups
expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G peak intensity ratio (Raman spectroscopy) | ≤ 0.6 dimensionless | single-layer reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite | ≤ 1 wt% |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
Patent
Atlas literature
Patent
US 10,899,624Patent drawings and their descriptions. Click a drawing to enlarge it.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 3 is a bar chart comparing the oxide content for graphene prepared in accordance with the invention "GT-CO" with comparison graphene types in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
Figure 5 is a bar chart showing the maximum strain of SBS compositions with 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene prepared in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Figure 6 is a bar chart howing the tangent modulus of SBS compositions at 2.5% strain containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example 2
Claims define the patent's legal scope. Independent claims stand alone; dependent claims (nested) narrow them. Click a claim to expand its dependents.
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups; contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of between 500 ° C to 1000 ° C during said contacting. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expanded graphite is contacted with a gas comprising 100% carbon monoxide or carbon monoxide in nitrogen. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated for a time period in the range of from about 0.1 seconds to 2 minutes. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is heated under reduced pressure. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein heating of the expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide, whereby the expansion of the expandable graphite and the reduction of at least a portion of the oxygen containing groups by the carbon monoxide to form the reduced expanded graphite occurs in a single vessel. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the reduced graphene has a ratio of D peak to G band (D/G ratio) when determined by Raman spectroscopy of no more than about 0.6, when calculated as a ratio of peak intensities. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the contacting the expanded graphite with carbon monoxide is carried out for between 1 and 24 hours. Previously presented
A process according to claim 1 wherein the expanded graphite is heated at a temperature of 700 ° C to 900 ° C during said contacting with
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out for between 6 and 12
A process according to claim 1 wherein the monoxide is carried out at a temperature of 500 °
2-4. Canceled
Canceled
6-10. Canceled
Canceled
12-15. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
A process for the preparation of single- layer graphene comprising the sequential steps of: providing an expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups; heating the expandable graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide under conditions sufficient to cause expansion of the expandable graphite and formation of an expanded graphite; heating the expanded graphite in the presence of carbon monoxide and at a temperature of 500 ° C to 1200 ° C for a period of time of at least 30 minutes and sufficient to reduce the content of oxygen containing groups in the expanded graphite to no more than about 1% by weight of the resulting reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene; and subjecting the reduced expanded graphite to mechanical exfoliation to thereby produce single layers of the reduced graphene. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is sonicated. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the reduced expanded graphite is dispersed in a solvent and exfoliated in the solvent. Currently amended
A process according to claim 20, wherein the quantity of oxygen-containing groups present in the reduced expanded graphite is no more than about 0.5% by weight. Previously presented
21-22. Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Canceled
Materials described outside the worked examples.
expandable graphite intercalated with oxygen containing groups
expanded graphite comprising oxygen containing groups
Additional fabrication and treatment steps described in the patent.
Measurements and analyses referenced in the patent, with their drawing references.
Figure 1 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Performance values and ranges asserted in the specification or claims.
| Property | Value | Material |
|---|---|---|
D/G peak intensity ratio (Raman spectroscopy) | ≤ 0.6 dimensionless | single-layer reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite | ≤ 1 wt% |
Related documents with shared materials, methods, properties, or citations.
carbon monoxide
CO
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene
single-layer reduced graphene
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite (preferred) | ≤ 0.5 wt% | reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
Thickness | 7–46 µm | — |
Thickness | 1580–1582 cm | — |
Temperature | 50–850 °C | — |
Temperature | 30–1000 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–120 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Duration | 0.1–120 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.01–100 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.05–50 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.2–10 mm | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 4–16 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1600 °C | — |
Duration | 5–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Temperature | ≥ 700 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 minute | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–900 °C | — |
carbon monoxide
CO
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene
single-layer reduced graphene
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite (preferred) | ≤ 0.5 wt% | reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
Thickness | 7–46 µm | — |
Thickness | 1580–1582 cm | — |
Temperature | 50–850 °C | — |
Temperature | 30–1000 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–120 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Duration | 0.1–120 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.01–100 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.05–50 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.2–10 mm | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 4–16 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1600 °C | — |
Duration | 5–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Temperature | ≥ 700 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 minute | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–900 °C | — |
carbon monoxide
CO
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene
single-layer reduced graphene
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite (preferred) | ≤ 0.5 wt% | reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
Thickness | 7–46 µm | — |
Thickness | 1580–1582 cm | — |
Temperature | 50–850 °C | — |
Temperature | 30–1000 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–120 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Duration | 0.1–120 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.01–100 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.05–50 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.2–10 mm | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 4–16 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1600 °C | — |
Duration | 5–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Temperature | ≥ 700 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 minute | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–900 °C | — |
carbon monoxide
CO
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene
single-layer reduced graphene
Figure 2 is a Raman spectrum showing significant peaks at ~ 2650, ~ 1580 and ~ 1314 cm⁻¹ (2D, G and D bands) for a reduced graphene produced in a single vessel in accordance with embodiments of the invention described in Example 1
Figure 4 shows a number of plots on a graph of hyseresis curves plotting the variation in stress-strain as stress is increased and then decreased for SBS compositions containing 0 %, 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% graphene in accordance with the invention in accordance with the properties described in Example …
reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
oxygen-containing groups content in reduced expanded graphite (preferred) | ≤ 0.5 wt% | reduced expanded graphite comprising an array of reduced graphene |
Thickness | 7–46 µm | — |
Thickness | 1580–1582 cm | — |
Temperature | 50–850 °C | — |
Temperature | 30–1000 °C | — |
Thickness | 60–120 nm | — |
Thickness | ≤ 3 nm | — |
Duration | 0.1–120 s | — |
Duration | 1–60 minutes | — |
Thickness | 0.01–100 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.05–50 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.1–20 mm | — |
Thickness | 0.2–10 mm | — |
Duration | 1–24 hours | — |
Duration | 4–16 hours | — |
Duration | 6–12 hours | — |
Duration | 8–10 hours | — |
Temperature | 80–1600 °C | — |
Duration | 5–50 minutes | — |
Duration | 10–40 minutes | — |
Duration | 20–30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 40 minutes | — |
Duration | ≤ 30 minutes | — |
Temperature | ≥ 700 °C | — |
Duration | ≥ 1 minute | — |
Duration | ≥ 30 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 60 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 50 minutes | — |
Duration | ≥ 40 minutes | — |
Temperature | 500–1200 °C | — |
Temperature | 500–1000 °C | — |
Temperature | 700–900 °C | — |